65 Shield war experience (reposted)
1-10
novice level task. And familiar with simple operation and maps the location
11-40 NPC level
war is defense shield people with high N. Although the low point of attack. but does not affect the skills Daguai. finish the task should be about 80% of the experience. a small hit or two will be able to upgrade
41-50 class
this time is a difficult fighter time. the task less Daguai attack is not high. how to do.
two suggestions
1: a single batter to kill the strange orange. Experience high.
2: group to kill the yellow monster. unless it is indeed more.
51-60 over the task level to 50. should have half the experience. the rest of the experience on their own hiccups.
because I enjoy the trade unions during the treatment of senior officers. full set of skills and equipment (dark metal combined total of 55 operators with a total of 33 skilled increase).
to almost even the underwear is a. but still have to pay attention to his defense. basically about 270 + defense to beat a giant gargoyle to 60.
task is to do so. do come back to continue playing ..
to 60, when such expertise can go to the high-level experts.
60-65 level 60 to put on this time defense equipment to pull the blue thorn Oh. to how high to tall. put on the defensive
390 + with a defensive gesture there has to be. finished the task after the fight giant stone monster. in the top port lux . dark soldiers in the past.
61-level tasks without GPS coordinates of the. Therefore, we should find their own.
65 are leveling in the future will be updated
...
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
KDJ analysis and application of indicators
KDJ indicator analysis and use of
KDJ indicator is also called the random index, by George. Blue with Dr (George Lane) was first proposed, is a very innovative, practical and technical analysis indicators, which at first used in futures markets analysis, was widely used for short-term stock market trend analysis, futures and stock market technical analysis tools most commonly used.
Section KDJ indicator principle and calculation method
one, KDJ indicator principle < br> Stochastic KDJ generally based on the principles of statistics, through a specific period (usually 9, 9 weeks, etc.) appeared within the high, low, and the last closing price and computing cycles of these three the ratio between the relations to calculate the final calculation of random values immature period RSV, and then smoothed moving average method to calculate the K values, D values and J values, and plotted graphs of determining the stock trend.
Stochastic KDJ is high, low and closing price for the basic data to calculate the K value obtained, D values and J values were formed in the target coordinates of a point, the connection points so numerous to form a complete, can reflect the trend of price fluctuations KDJ indicator. It is mainly used to price fluctuations of the real volatility of price movements reflect the strength and overbought oversold, not increase or decrease in price before the trading signals issued by a technology tools. It is in the design process is to study high, low and close relationship between the integration of the momentum but also the concept of moving average line strength index and some of the advantages, therefore, can be more rapid, efficient, Quotes judged visually.
Stochastic KDJ is the earliest form of KD indicators, and KD Williams indicators index was developed on the basis of. But only the judge, William indicators overbought oversold stocks phenomenon in KDJ indicators are moving average convergence speed of the concept of developing a more accurate basis for trading signals. In practice, K line and D line with the J line integral KDJ indicators to use. KDJ line as a random fluctuation is essentially the concept of Therefore, its short-term market trend for the control more accurate.
General Section index judged
KDJ Stochastic KDJ mainly through the K, D and J posed by the three curves to analyze the relationship between the graphics on the stock market overbought oversold trend and departure from the K line, D line and J lines are cross * break and so, in order to predict stock prices, the short-term and long-term trend. KDJ is well known to most investors on the market analysis tools, but the specific use, investors may find KDJ trend analysis results and the actual existence of a particularly big difference, and sometimes come to opposite conclusions, which mainly because most investors only know KDJ general principles and methods of analysis and analysis of indicators of KDJ some meaning and little is known about the specific analytical skills. This section describes the stock market analysis at the popular market in general judged KDJ techniques and analysis methods, focusing on the internal law of mining KDJ indicators, detailed analysis of the KDJ judged some special features.
KDJ indicator is the three curves, in the application of standards KDJ indicators generally judged mainly from the values of three parameters KDJ, KDJ curve shape, KDJ curves cross *, KDJ departure from the curve and K line, D line, J line running and KDJ curve with the curve with the price of six aspects to consider.
one, KDJ values
1, the range of indicators
KDJ , K value and D value range is 0-100, while the range of J values can exceed 100 and below 0, but in the analysis software's analysis on the scope of KDJ is 0-100. usually sensitive terms, J value of the strongest, K value of the second, D value of the slowest in terms of safety, J value of the worst, K value of the second, D value of the most stable.
2, overbought oversold signals According to the value
KDJ can be divided into several regions, that is overbought zone, oversold area and wandering area. As a general criteria for the classification, K, D, J 20 the following three values for the oversold zone is the buy signal; K, D, J these three values in overbought zone above 80, is the sell signal; K, D, J between these three values is hovering in the 20-80 area, should wait and see.
3, the long and short of power
Generally, when K, D, J c values near 50, both long and short that the balance of power; when the K, D, J c values are greater than 50, said the multi- dominant power; when the K, D, J c values are less than 50, said Kongfangliliang dominant.
Second, KDJ curve shape
KDJ indicator can also be judged from the curve shape to analyze KDJ . When KDJ index of the element forms the end of the formation of head and shoulders, double top and bottom morphology (ie, M Head, W end) and triple tops and bottoms and other forms, they can be judged according to the method of formation theory to analyze. KDJ the various curves form is to determine market trends, determine the timing of a trading method. In addition, KDJ index curve can also draw trend lines, pressure lines and support lines.
1, when the KDJ curve above the high of 50, if KDJ the trend curve M head or triple top formation and other top reversal pattern, may indicate a strong turn by the weak stock prices, stock prices will collapse, it is timely to sell the stock. If the price curve also appeared to confirm the same shape even more, The decline in M can be used such as head or triple top formation theory to judgments.
2, KDJ curve when the low of 50 below, if the trend of the curve appears KDJ W or triple bottom reversal pattern at the bottom end of such, may indicate became strong from a weak stock, the stock will bounce up and can absorb a small amount of bargain stocks. If the price curve appears the same form can confirm that the increase can be the end of Form W or triple bottom theory judged.
3, KDJ curve shape in the form of M top of the head and the accuracy of the triple W to be greater than the bottom end and triple.
three, KDJ curve curve intersection *
KDJ divided into the gold cross cross * cross * * and two deaths forms
general, in a stock rally and the decline in the integrity of the process, KDJ indicator of K, D, J line will appear twice or more of the AC * death , the show is about a stronger stock market, stock prices decline has ended, will climb up, you can start buying the stock, the medium and long term positions. KDJ indicator is the 2, when the stock price increases over time in the process of market consolidation, and K, D, J lines are hovering near the line at 50, once the J line and K line break up again almost at the same D line, when the volume of re-release, showed that among the stock market is in a strong stock price will rise again, you can buy stocks or shares to be coded up, and this is KDJ indicator a rise in pre-market long after the price increase has a great case, once the J line and K line in the high (80 or above) is almost the same time breaking down the D line, indicating that the stock market is about to become weak by the strong share price will crash, when most of the stock should be sold and can not buy stocks, and this is KDJ indicator of the lack of upward momentum rally, the stock price of various moving average to form a strong pressure, KDJ curve to 80 after a brief rally near the line, but failed to return for more than 80 lines, once the J line and K line break down again D line, that the stock market will once again enter the extremely Ruoshi, the stock price will fall, you can then sell the shares or wait and see, this is KDJ indicator curve deviated from the curve deviated from the
KDJ KDJ indicator means when the movement direction of the curve and the K line graph exactly the trend the opposite direction. KDJ indicators have deviated away from both the top and bottom away from.
when the stock price K line graph on the stock trend of a peak than a peak, the share price has to rise, and KDJ curve on KDJ indicator of the trend is at a high level of a peak than a peak is low, called the top against the phenomenon. top against the phenomenon is generally price will be high reversal of the signal that the stock will decline in the short term, is a sell signal.
K when the stock price on the stock trend chart for a lower peak than a peak, the share price to fall, and KDJ KDJ graph indicators on the trend is in the low end to one end of a high and called low departure from the phenomenon. the end of the stock price will deviate from the general phenomenon of low reversal signal that the stock will rise in the short term, is a buy signal.
and other technologies departure from the phenomenon of the same indicators judged, KDJ's departure, the departure from the top of the judged accuracy than DIFF. When the stock price at a high level, KDJ appeared in more than 80 top-divergence, that is about to reverse the downward stock price, investors in a timely manner sell the stock; the share price low, KDJ is also low (50 below) appears at the end deviation, generally repeated several times to confirm the departure end, and investors can only do short-term investment strategy or do Jiancang.
five , K, D, J curve running state
1, when the J curve starts at the bottom (below 50) to break up K curve, indicating weak stock price consolidation pattern may be broken, the upward movement of short-term stock price, investors can consider a small amount of long-term Jiancang.
2, when the J curve upward curve K and quickly break the upward movement, while curve D curve upward break, indicating that long-term stock price rally has begun, investors can buy shares to increase the intensity of .
3, when K, D, J curves begin to emerge from previous narrow range consolidation and rapid upward movement at the same time, indicating a strong short-term stock price has been pulled into the market, investors should be holding up strongly.
4, when the J curve after a period of rapid upward movement after the process at a high level (80 or more) down to U-turn, indicating the short-term stock price rose too quickly, will start short-term adjustments, investors can short sell the stock.
5, When the D curve also began to turn downward at a high level, indicating the short-term share price rally may be over, investors should sell the stock neutral.
6, when the K curve downward turn began when at a high level, indicating that the stock price short-term rally has ended, investors should leave all the clearing.
7, when K, D, J curve downward from a high level at the same time when the stock price decline that has been formed, investors should firmly hold out.
six, KDJ curve used in conjunction with the price curve
1, when the price curve from KDJ curve and low (KDJ values were below 50) increased simultaneously, suggesting that long-term trend of stock prices to improve, short-term stock price is expected to continue upward trend, investors should continue to be owned or Buying.
2, when the price curve from the curve and KDJ high (KDJ values are above 50) Synchronous decreased, indicating that the short-term stock price will continue to decline, investors should continue to hold out or sell into rallies.
3, when the KDJ curve down from a high, after a strong correction after a period of time up again and hit a new high, while the price curve is also high after a strong correction to rise again hit a new high , indicating that the rise in stock price momentum is still strong, investors can continue to be holding up.
4, when dropped from a high KDJ curve, over time, upward again after consolidation, but the previous high point near the turn down Shique failed to hit a new high, while the price curves are still rising slowly, and hit a new high, KDJ curve and high price curve in the opposite trend formed, which could mean higher stock prices began to weaken the power, KDJ indicator appears top departure from the phenomenon. At this point investors should be careful, once the stock price from the bottom should be firm and timely manner to leave.
5, when the KDJ curve down in the long process of the disadvantaged, vulnerable over time and create a rebound down again low, while the price curve down again after correction is also vulnerable new low, indicating that the decline in stock price momentum is still strong, investors can continue to hold out.
6, when the KDJ curve upward rebound from a low to a certain high fall down again, but the call back to previous lows near stabilized stabilized, failed to hit a new low, while the curves are still slow decline in stock prices and new lows, KDJ curve and the price curve in the low formation of the opposite trend, which can mean the beginning of kinetic energy fell weak, KDJ indicator appears at the end away from the phenomenon. At this point investors should pay close attention to price movements, once short-term stock prices can be up to buy, wait for the emergence of a rebound.
KDJ curve at the position and the direction
(a) of the shares to be up signal
1, when the break up 80 KDJ curve after curve if KDJ has been running more than 80 regions, the mean price in a strong rally among KDJ indicator is to be issued by holding up the signal, if the stock price in the short-term moving average also rely on the uplink, such a holding signal more obvious. At this point, investors should be up strongly short-term holdings.
2, when the KDJ The three curves run upward curve at the same time, that is in a strong increase in market share, and that this is also the issue of shares to be up KDJ signal. KDJ indicators as long as the K line and the J line is not down below D line and D line running direction is always upward, investors may be holding all the way up.
(b) hold out signaling
1, 50 broke down when KDJ curve after curve if KDJ following areas have been running at 50 , it means that stock prices fell in a weak market, and that this is the issue of holding money KDJ indicator signal to be up, if the stock also was down in the suppression of short-term moving average, which hold out the signal even more obvious. At this point, investors should resolutely hold out.
2, when the KDJ curve in the high (50 or more) dead *, if the three curves diverge down the same time, that is in a weak stock market decline, and that this is also the issue of holding money KDJ indicator wait signal. At this point, investors should wait and see holding firm. This holding signals more obvious. At this point, investors should be up strongly short-term holdings.
conditions: when a stock technical indicators to a golden week KDJ *, then the amount of five weeks are sure to have the amount is less than ten weeks, and then KDJ technical indicators During the five-day were less than ten daily average, also the formation of gold *, this time for effective payment *.
KDJ experience of actual combat experience indicators applied
Qianlong commonly used in traditional brokerage software, there are dozens of technical indicators for new investors to investors at a loss, with the popularization of computers, especially the stock of professional software innovation, some stock software with self indicator function, leaving fans never tired of bold adaptation of technology innovation indicators, indicators of popular online even tens of thousands, but also to dazzle the old shareholders, in fact, aim, nothing but different combinations of price and volume average expression variation, the real value can be described as very few new ideas, anti-popular as the traditional indicators of several classic and practical, of course, to really grasp the essence of the magical need 下一番功夫. Three shot big guns that Zhao can be vertical and horizontal world , * is not the gun itself, but that shot gun users!
any technical indicator has its own flaws and limitations, such as the MACD trend in the blind spot of turbulence, KDJ side of squeeze-type passive the blind spot, the pagoda on the top and bottom line of the blind spot, moving average to adjust the pressure of supporting the effectiveness of the blind in place, turnover on the ship can not tell the blind Xihuo and so on. We can make up for other indicators to each other deficiencies, such as by KDJ , CDP to cover the auxiliary MACD system; CCI, DMI to compensate KDJ system; KDJ, RSI to make up for average system; KDJ, RSI to make up for departure from the Pagoda line system; stock average level of such spaces and K lines to compensate for turnover of the blind, etc. and, of course sometimes an indicator of other indicators can not fully compensate for the defects, you need to look at this issue Discrimination.
Applications: 1) K line is to quickly identify lines - values above the 90 overbought and values below 10 is oversold;
D line is the slow backbone - value above 80 is overbought, oversold following values at 20;
J line is direction sensitive line, when J is greater than 100, particularly more than 5 days in a row, the formation of short-term stock price at least the head, whereas J is less than 0, in particular, for several days, the stock will form at least short-term bottom.
2) When the K value is less progressive than the D values shown on the graph on the K line from the bottom line through D, shows the current trend is upward, so the K line on the graph to break up D line, is the buy signal.
real time when the K, D line 20 the following delivery * up, this time short-term buy signal is more accurate; If the value is below 50 K, from bottom to top through two successive rounds of the D value, the formation of the right than the left end of the high end the end of under, so break down the line on the graph K D line, is the sell signal.
real time when the K, D line in the 80 and over * pay down short-term sell signal this time is more accurate; If the K value above 50, from top to bottom beneath the D values between two successive rounds, the formation of right-left head lower than the first 4) deviate by KDJ and stock price movements to determine the top and bottom stock price is also quite practical way:
A) shares high, while the KD value is not high, for the top away from, should sell;
B) stock price to new lows, while the KD value is not new lows for the MACD should buy;
C) stock price is not high, and KD values of a new high, away from the top, should sell;
D) No stock lows, while the KD value of new lows, as the MACD should buy;
to note that departure from the top and bottom KDJ determined, it can only point of the previous wave of high and low compared to KD values can not jump phase comparison.
KDJ technical indicators in the actual operation would often valid and invalid gold * gold * gold *. invalid KDJ is based upon price of gold * buy the shares not rise, but fell. KDJ Kim * on the effectiveness, we can take weeks, and at K Line K Line KDJ to judge the combination of technical indicators.
KDJ and MACD
integrated use of the market is the most commonly used technical indicators and MACD indicators KDJ. KDJ indicator is a ahead of target species, using mostly short-term operation on the main; the MACD moving average is also called the smooth differences is the average cost from the difference between the market, generally reflect the overall trend of the center line. theoretically, KDJ indicator mainly reflects the advanced reflected in the speed of stock price, are strong in the 80 overbought zone near the stock has some risk; 50 for the wandering zone; 20 near the relatively safe area, are speculative area, you can Jiancang, but because of its fast and often frequent cause of buy sell signal failures are more; MACD indicators are synchronized with market prices because of the basic moves, so that a signal to increase the requirements and limitations in order to avoid the appearance of false signals. these two combined to determine the benefits of market is: can more accurately grasp the short-term purchase and sale of KDJ indicator signal. while the MACD indicators reflected the characteristics of the center line of the trend can be determined using two indicators will be in stock prices, short-term fluctuations. from Shaanxi Gold leaves (000 812) can be seen on December 20 last year, had been hit low KDJ, while MACD is with the stock until January 22 at the bottom. When on January 23 KDJ sync up with the MACD divergence, the time of buy signal is very easy to grasp. KDJ on February 4 when you start high passivation, MACD is still moving up, indicating that the upward momentum is still there, but will have some short-term solution to adjust
blunt KDJ indicator and * the Line of
1, amplification method. KDJ indicator is very sensitive because, so often give some miscellaneous letters, these signals are likely to mislead investors that the stock signals or generate signals shipping, so operation of mistakes. If we Zoom level to confirm the availability * of the signal, there will be good results. If K chart in Japan have a low index gold cross KDJ *, we can magnify it to see the weekly chart, if is also a weekly chart of gold produced in the low pay *, we will consider this signal can be * strong, I can safely go operation. If the weekly chart shows the way in the fall, then the daily chart of gold to pay * can * is not strong, it may be making the * line of approach, this time we can wait and see approach.
2, morphological method. KDJ indicators as sensitive, it gives the indicators often ahead of, so we can target by KDJ form to help find the right time to buy and selling point, KDJ indicator in the low end of the formation of W, triple bottom and form again when the end of the head and shoulders stock; in a strong market, KDJ indicator formed at a high level M when the head and head and shoulders , shipments of the signal may * be strengthened.
3, the number of waves method. KDJ indicator combines several waves, is a very effective method. in the K line graph, we can clearly distinguish between regular shape up a wave, the three waves, five waves. In K charts, stock bottom end plate, began to rise, often rising when the first sub-wave, KDJ indicator that is issued to pay * the ship of death signals, this time, we can be less consider this a sell signal, as it is likely to be a wrong signal or a * line signal. When the stock runs to the third sub-waves, we will increase the degree of attention on the sell signal, when the index was the first movement to Five sub-waves, the time indicators such as the KDJ sell signal is given, we will resolutely shipments. KDJ indicator at this time given the signal will usually be very accurate signal, when the stock began to fall just ended up, in the fall of the first sub-waves, less about KDJ index buy signal, when the index fell a third or fifth sub-sub-waves when the waves, before considering a buy signal KDJ indicator, fell five sub-waves, especially after the buy signal is given KDJ indicator more accurate.
4, the trend line method. the stock or the stock market into a very strong or very weak market, the stock will rise in the formation of unilateral movements and unilateral downtrend; decline in the trend of unilateral, KDJ indicator Society has issued a buy signal or low passive investors by operating a buy signal will be locked in early, some at very low purchase price, the result of stock price continued to fall, you can lower low. If you want to effective solution to this problem, you can add a line graph K downward trend line, there is no break in the stock index and stock prices before the downward trend line, KDJ issued a buy signal any, will not consider, only when the stock index and stock prices to break the downward trend line, and then began to consider KDJ index buy signal; rising trend in the unilateral, the market trend is very strong, high-index will often be issued a sell signal, click here to signal the operator will lose a large segment of market, we also K line can be added on a rising trend line, in stock or stock index rising trend line is not broken before, without considering the sell signal given by KDJ indicator, when the stock index and stock prices rose once to break the trend line, KDJ sell given signal, determined to implement, do not compromise.
weekly interim use
shares KDJ saying: speculation and investment in long-term victory. KDJ using weekly copy outsole, the bottom of the can * do more is winning the regional high road to the winner. KDJ indicator is the 9-week medium-term trend is the fluctuation in stock price , the sale of high reference value for the center line of the signal.
KDJ 9 weeks but for the use of stocks hunters need to have the following conditions: ① active stock characteristics, volatility, large.
② no escape recent at the top Chuang behavior.
③ plate moderate, float caps less than 9,000 shares (preferably less than 6500 shares).
④ fallen from the top or mid-side plunge by a big margin.
meet the above conditions with 9-week stock high accuracy KDJ hunters, the specific signal characteristics are as follows: 1.9 weeks KDJ golden cross appears in the following 20 *, is often cut is the best time (shown in the B1 point). generally are at least in the short-term a certain intensity of the rebound rally.
2.KDJ around 20 (can be slightly higher than 20) or occurs in about 50 gold *, the often short-term bottom. KDJ more visible only when the MACD (stock hit low, KD index declined lows) signal, and low pay double or more to pay * *, the only medium that is the bottom (or second intermediate bottom) come (as in the B2 point).
3.J line index is negative, there more than 2 weeks (often 3-5 weeks). the bottom of the passivation, has often led to low rebound. Investors can now be seen as short-term bottom, but temporarily Kuaijinkuaichu, profitable to attitude in the run (shown in the B3 point). unless there is 9 weeks RSI, 14 周 RSI below 20, or KDJ low (20 or so) away from the bottom and KDJ more than twice more can * make * such as medium to long term signal when the hunters can become the center line after the holding.
we can Juyou network (000 693) weeks of the classic instance of the K line of 9 weeks KDJ hunters to see the real value of the buy signal: ① D value is less than 20 B1 for the medium to long term buy .1997 July 25 closing price of 6.15 yuan in the week, March 5, 1999 at 14.1 million, 10 December 1999 to 18.6 million, could be used as medium to long term buy. the highest rose 21.28, respectively, yuan, 31 yuan and 30.79 yuan, or as high as 240%, 100% and 60% -70%, and were quick to get into profit after buying the state.
② 2000 年 11 beginning near the end of the stock away from the 21 yuan , a buy signal appears, the highest on the test 24.94 yuan middle, there are 15-25% of the center line profits.
③ to the bottom of Juyou network signals most recent point of view, February 23, 2001 closing price of 19.2 yuan, March 2 to 20.2, J values are less than zero, for 2 weeks and showed a passive target in the short-term buy .3 29 closing price of 20.68 yuan (D value of 28.72 yuan), double bottom and further confirmed the departure from the center line l potential, then the test in mid-April peak of 26.95 yuan's mid-term, middle 30% -37%, the maximum amount of the proceeds.
④ 2001 年 10 weekly dated 26 KDJ gold again in 20 * the following issue, from the lowest 15 rose to 20.3 million yuan, also a lot of money 20% -30% of revenue.
the above analysis, we have the potential for fundamentals, capital stocks face a village, capture by 9 weeks KDJ the center line can be * the end of long-term bottom is entirely possible. but investors want to have a great deal of patience, and to the center line of investment firm belief in the K line graph hunters involved in the most ugly moment, the only way to achieve a higher success rate, and win a lot of money in the middle income.
KDJ indicator of a special analysis of
, KDJ analysis cycle
day, week, month, minutes (60 minutes mainly)
10 days to analyze the parameters of KDJ The judgments for a period of 3 days (from the gold * to die * for 3 days)
50 days to analyze the parameters of KDJ's analysis using the period of 10 days
50 days or more parameters for the analysis of KDJ The judgments for a period of 20 days
Second, the principle of average
first long-term average stock price, once suppressed, KDJ and then how to make gold * The only short-term operation and must not do in the long-term investment. This is the KDJ use of the premise. in the long term moving average, and far from the average, KDJ Kim *, the stock has the potential to do short-term oversold bounce operation
three broad rally
cycle is short and medium term at most to maintain KDJ 15 days - 1 month
weeks KDJ is the interim to maintain the time for 1 month - 3 months (once the gold *, the basic will go up within a month, but the gains are not sure)
long-term monthly KDJ , maintenance time is generally 3 months - 5 months
IV diluted, KDJ indicator is not judged significant, at least three months before they can re-judged
five, KDJ
with the changes of parameters the extensive use of technical analysis, the importance of technical indicators is evident. but because of the current technical specifications of the operation has been greatly simplified, which resulted in a large area of similar specifications, and has lost its guiding role. So as far as possible to maintain accuracy, sensitivity and timeliness of the harmony and unity, it is necessary to reset the parameters of certain indicators, and note the following General:
First, set the parameters according to the time cycle. Whether tape or individual stocks, the time period
will run all of its greater impact, while the cycle itself is often a very important parameter, which is the average, strong and weak aspects of
indicators was particularly prominent. The cycle of measurement, usually by the time span of two important low
to determine. At the same time, because of long, medium and short-term difference, the investor must set according to the specific circumstances and their own personalized
known parameters, and 5 (days) or its multiples, and Feibonanzi series in this regard is a good choice.
Second, to maintain the consistency of the different time standards. If the parameters for daily into the time-sharing, especially in the shock categories of indicators will be too sensitive for the weekly and monthly lag is apparent, therefore, in the application process,
this principle must be used, mutatis mutandis, it is definitely not a simple calculation, but fine-tuning is required after conversion, although the absolute consistency of individual targets to achieve better results still.
Third, pay attention to the broader market and the similarities and differences between individual stocks. As the broader market and individual stocks and the special relationship is generally suitable for the broader market the same target parameters, usually either directly or after slight adjustments for most stocks, but the existence of differences between the two, after all, the broader market, the average results are often also disguise the truth or ignore many of the personality, that is in a super-or ultra- Unlike the broader market weak state of the stocks, the parameter setting should also give special favor.
fourth, with constantly adjusting to market changes and optimize. strong and weak stocks and the broader market shares of the situation is very different, balanced market has also been run with the trend different. the face of changing market, if it is found not suitable for the original parameters of the prevailing market situation, we need to be amended in order to optimize the parameters of indicators, which should be a long-term work, especially in the short-term parameters. < br> Six different indicators of cycle parameters of KDJ's analysis
(a) 34 days KDJ (Note: This is the software on the Qianlong KDJ parameters) to use for most of the stock market analysis software
, investors according to different stocks, stock trends in different periods and the interest of investors prefer to modify the index to arrive at different conclusions. KDJ the value changes at 34, following a brief 34 days here, KDJ use. < br> 1, first of all, the KDJ interval running very vulnerable area is divided into the following 20 to 20 - 50, 50 between the disadvantaged areas - 80 80 and over between the strong and very strong area area 50 is the numerical strength of line.
34 at KDJ indicator for the 50 line up from the vulnerable area is a strong share price short-term resistance, as long as the D value KDJ rushed 50 value is not valid, we can not say that stock prices have out of vulnerable areas, KD two values without success at this point is a very normal thing, it is necessary to attach great importance to the role of this resistance, many stocks are rebounding to end at this point.
34 indicators at KDJ 50 lines in the area for the fall off from the strong share price is concerned, although some support, but relatively easy to break, become an important reference not intended ...
KDJ indicator is also called the random index, by George. Blue with Dr (George Lane) was first proposed, is a very innovative, practical and technical analysis indicators, which at first used in futures markets analysis, was widely used for short-term stock market trend analysis, futures and stock market technical analysis tools most commonly used.
Section KDJ indicator principle and calculation method
one, KDJ indicator principle < br> Stochastic KDJ generally based on the principles of statistics, through a specific period (usually 9, 9 weeks, etc.) appeared within the high, low, and the last closing price and computing cycles of these three the ratio between the relations to calculate the final calculation of random values immature period RSV, and then smoothed moving average method to calculate the K values, D values and J values, and plotted graphs of determining the stock trend.
Stochastic KDJ is high, low and closing price for the basic data to calculate the K value obtained, D values and J values were formed in the target coordinates of a point, the connection points so numerous to form a complete, can reflect the trend of price fluctuations KDJ indicator. It is mainly used to price fluctuations of the real volatility of price movements reflect the strength and overbought oversold, not increase or decrease in price before the trading signals issued by a technology tools. It is in the design process is to study high, low and close relationship between the integration of the momentum but also the concept of moving average line strength index and some of the advantages, therefore, can be more rapid, efficient, Quotes judged visually.
Stochastic KDJ is the earliest form of KD indicators, and KD Williams indicators index was developed on the basis of. But only the judge, William indicators overbought oversold stocks phenomenon in KDJ indicators are moving average convergence speed of the concept of developing a more accurate basis for trading signals. In practice, K line and D line with the J line integral KDJ indicators to use. KDJ line as a random fluctuation is essentially the concept of Therefore, its short-term market trend for the control more accurate.
General Section index judged
KDJ Stochastic KDJ mainly through the K, D and J posed by the three curves to analyze the relationship between the graphics on the stock market overbought oversold trend and departure from the K line, D line and J lines are cross * break and so, in order to predict stock prices, the short-term and long-term trend. KDJ is well known to most investors on the market analysis tools, but the specific use, investors may find KDJ trend analysis results and the actual existence of a particularly big difference, and sometimes come to opposite conclusions, which mainly because most investors only know KDJ general principles and methods of analysis and analysis of indicators of KDJ some meaning and little is known about the specific analytical skills. This section describes the stock market analysis at the popular market in general judged KDJ techniques and analysis methods, focusing on the internal law of mining KDJ indicators, detailed analysis of the KDJ judged some special features.
KDJ indicator is the three curves, in the application of standards KDJ indicators generally judged mainly from the values of three parameters KDJ, KDJ curve shape, KDJ curves cross *, KDJ departure from the curve and K line, D line, J line running and KDJ curve with the curve with the price of six aspects to consider.
one, KDJ values
1, the range of indicators
KDJ , K value and D value range is 0-100, while the range of J values can exceed 100 and below 0, but in the analysis software's analysis on the scope of KDJ is 0-100. usually sensitive terms, J value of the strongest, K value of the second, D value of the slowest in terms of safety, J value of the worst, K value of the second, D value of the most stable.
2, overbought oversold signals According to the value
KDJ can be divided into several regions, that is overbought zone, oversold area and wandering area. As a general criteria for the classification, K, D, J 20 the following three values for the oversold zone is the buy signal; K, D, J these three values in overbought zone above 80, is the sell signal; K, D, J between these three values is hovering in the 20-80 area, should wait and see.
3, the long and short of power
Generally, when K, D, J c values near 50, both long and short that the balance of power; when the K, D, J c values are greater than 50, said the multi- dominant power; when the K, D, J c values are less than 50, said Kongfangliliang dominant.
Second, KDJ curve shape
KDJ indicator can also be judged from the curve shape to analyze KDJ . When KDJ index of the element forms the end of the formation of head and shoulders, double top and bottom morphology (ie, M Head, W end) and triple tops and bottoms and other forms, they can be judged according to the method of formation theory to analyze. KDJ the various curves form is to determine market trends, determine the timing of a trading method. In addition, KDJ index curve can also draw trend lines, pressure lines and support lines.
1, when the KDJ curve above the high of 50, if KDJ the trend curve M head or triple top formation and other top reversal pattern, may indicate a strong turn by the weak stock prices, stock prices will collapse, it is timely to sell the stock. If the price curve also appeared to confirm the same shape even more, The decline in M can be used such as head or triple top formation theory to judgments.
2, KDJ curve when the low of 50 below, if the trend of the curve appears KDJ W or triple bottom reversal pattern at the bottom end of such, may indicate became strong from a weak stock, the stock will bounce up and can absorb a small amount of bargain stocks. If the price curve appears the same form can confirm that the increase can be the end of Form W or triple bottom theory judged.
3, KDJ curve shape in the form of M top of the head and the accuracy of the triple W to be greater than the bottom end and triple.
three, KDJ curve curve intersection *
KDJ divided into the gold cross cross * cross * * and two deaths forms
general, in a stock rally and the decline in the integrity of the process, KDJ indicator of K, D, J line will appear twice or more of the AC * death , the show is about a stronger stock market, stock prices decline has ended, will climb up, you can start buying the stock, the medium and long term positions. KDJ indicator is the 2, when the stock price increases over time in the process of market consolidation, and K, D, J lines are hovering near the line at 50, once the J line and K line break up again almost at the same D line, when the volume of re-release, showed that among the stock market is in a strong stock price will rise again, you can buy stocks or shares to be coded up, and this is KDJ indicator a rise in pre-market long after the price increase has a great case, once the J line and K line in the high (80 or above) is almost the same time breaking down the D line, indicating that the stock market is about to become weak by the strong share price will crash, when most of the stock should be sold and can not buy stocks, and this is KDJ indicator of the lack of upward momentum rally, the stock price of various moving average to form a strong pressure, KDJ curve to 80 after a brief rally near the line, but failed to return for more than 80 lines, once the J line and K line break down again D line, that the stock market will once again enter the extremely Ruoshi, the stock price will fall, you can then sell the shares or wait and see, this is KDJ indicator curve deviated from the curve deviated from the
KDJ KDJ indicator means when the movement direction of the curve and the K line graph exactly the trend the opposite direction. KDJ indicators have deviated away from both the top and bottom away from.
when the stock price K line graph on the stock trend of a peak than a peak, the share price has to rise, and KDJ curve on KDJ indicator of the trend is at a high level of a peak than a peak is low, called the top against the phenomenon. top against the phenomenon is generally price will be high reversal of the signal that the stock will decline in the short term, is a sell signal.
K when the stock price on the stock trend chart for a lower peak than a peak, the share price to fall, and KDJ KDJ graph indicators on the trend is in the low end to one end of a high and called low departure from the phenomenon. the end of the stock price will deviate from the general phenomenon of low reversal signal that the stock will rise in the short term, is a buy signal.
and other technologies departure from the phenomenon of the same indicators judged, KDJ's departure, the departure from the top of the judged accuracy than DIFF. When the stock price at a high level, KDJ appeared in more than 80 top-divergence, that is about to reverse the downward stock price, investors in a timely manner sell the stock; the share price low, KDJ is also low (50 below) appears at the end deviation, generally repeated several times to confirm the departure end, and investors can only do short-term investment strategy or do Jiancang.
five , K, D, J curve running state
1, when the J curve starts at the bottom (below 50) to break up K curve, indicating weak stock price consolidation pattern may be broken, the upward movement of short-term stock price, investors can consider a small amount of long-term Jiancang.
2, when the J curve upward curve K and quickly break the upward movement, while curve D curve upward break, indicating that long-term stock price rally has begun, investors can buy shares to increase the intensity of .
3, when K, D, J curves begin to emerge from previous narrow range consolidation and rapid upward movement at the same time, indicating a strong short-term stock price has been pulled into the market, investors should be holding up strongly.
4, when the J curve after a period of rapid upward movement after the process at a high level (80 or more) down to U-turn, indicating the short-term stock price rose too quickly, will start short-term adjustments, investors can short sell the stock.
5, When the D curve also began to turn downward at a high level, indicating the short-term share price rally may be over, investors should sell the stock neutral.
6, when the K curve downward turn began when at a high level, indicating that the stock price short-term rally has ended, investors should leave all the clearing.
7, when K, D, J curve downward from a high level at the same time when the stock price decline that has been formed, investors should firmly hold out.
six, KDJ curve used in conjunction with the price curve
1, when the price curve from KDJ curve and low (KDJ values were below 50) increased simultaneously, suggesting that long-term trend of stock prices to improve, short-term stock price is expected to continue upward trend, investors should continue to be owned or Buying.
2, when the price curve from the curve and KDJ high (KDJ values are above 50) Synchronous decreased, indicating that the short-term stock price will continue to decline, investors should continue to hold out or sell into rallies.
3, when the KDJ curve down from a high, after a strong correction after a period of time up again and hit a new high, while the price curve is also high after a strong correction to rise again hit a new high , indicating that the rise in stock price momentum is still strong, investors can continue to be holding up.
4, when dropped from a high KDJ curve, over time, upward again after consolidation, but the previous high point near the turn down Shique failed to hit a new high, while the price curves are still rising slowly, and hit a new high, KDJ curve and high price curve in the opposite trend formed, which could mean higher stock prices began to weaken the power, KDJ indicator appears top departure from the phenomenon. At this point investors should be careful, once the stock price from the bottom should be firm and timely manner to leave.
5, when the KDJ curve down in the long process of the disadvantaged, vulnerable over time and create a rebound down again low, while the price curve down again after correction is also vulnerable new low, indicating that the decline in stock price momentum is still strong, investors can continue to hold out.
6, when the KDJ curve upward rebound from a low to a certain high fall down again, but the call back to previous lows near stabilized stabilized, failed to hit a new low, while the curves are still slow decline in stock prices and new lows, KDJ curve and the price curve in the low formation of the opposite trend, which can mean the beginning of kinetic energy fell weak, KDJ indicator appears at the end away from the phenomenon. At this point investors should pay close attention to price movements, once short-term stock prices can be up to buy, wait for the emergence of a rebound.
KDJ curve at the position and the direction
(a) of the shares to be up signal
1, when the break up 80 KDJ curve after curve if KDJ has been running more than 80 regions, the mean price in a strong rally among KDJ indicator is to be issued by holding up the signal, if the stock price in the short-term moving average also rely on the uplink, such a holding signal more obvious. At this point, investors should be up strongly short-term holdings.
2, when the KDJ The three curves run upward curve at the same time, that is in a strong increase in market share, and that this is also the issue of shares to be up KDJ signal. KDJ indicators as long as the K line and the J line is not down below D line and D line running direction is always upward, investors may be holding all the way up.
(b) hold out signaling
1, 50 broke down when KDJ curve after curve if KDJ following areas have been running at 50 , it means that stock prices fell in a weak market, and that this is the issue of holding money KDJ indicator signal to be up, if the stock also was down in the suppression of short-term moving average, which hold out the signal even more obvious. At this point, investors should resolutely hold out.
2, when the KDJ curve in the high (50 or more) dead *, if the three curves diverge down the same time, that is in a weak stock market decline, and that this is also the issue of holding money KDJ indicator wait signal. At this point, investors should wait and see holding firm. This holding signals more obvious. At this point, investors should be up strongly short-term holdings.
conditions: when a stock technical indicators to a golden week KDJ *, then the amount of five weeks are sure to have the amount is less than ten weeks, and then KDJ technical indicators During the five-day were less than ten daily average, also the formation of gold *, this time for effective payment *.
KDJ experience of actual combat experience indicators applied
Qianlong commonly used in traditional brokerage software, there are dozens of technical indicators for new investors to investors at a loss, with the popularization of computers, especially the stock of professional software innovation, some stock software with self indicator function, leaving fans never tired of bold adaptation of technology innovation indicators, indicators of popular online even tens of thousands, but also to dazzle the old shareholders, in fact, aim, nothing but different combinations of price and volume average expression variation, the real value can be described as very few new ideas, anti-popular as the traditional indicators of several classic and practical, of course, to really grasp the essence of the magical need 下一番功夫. Three shot big guns that Zhao can be vertical and horizontal world , * is not the gun itself, but that shot gun users!
any technical indicator has its own flaws and limitations, such as the MACD trend in the blind spot of turbulence, KDJ side of squeeze-type passive the blind spot, the pagoda on the top and bottom line of the blind spot, moving average to adjust the pressure of supporting the effectiveness of the blind in place, turnover on the ship can not tell the blind Xihuo and so on. We can make up for other indicators to each other deficiencies, such as by KDJ , CDP to cover the auxiliary MACD system; CCI, DMI to compensate KDJ system; KDJ, RSI to make up for average system; KDJ, RSI to make up for departure from the Pagoda line system; stock average level of such spaces and K lines to compensate for turnover of the blind, etc. and, of course sometimes an indicator of other indicators can not fully compensate for the defects, you need to look at this issue Discrimination.
Applications: 1) K line is to quickly identify lines - values above the 90 overbought and values below 10 is oversold;
D line is the slow backbone - value above 80 is overbought, oversold following values at 20;
J line is direction sensitive line, when J is greater than 100, particularly more than 5 days in a row, the formation of short-term stock price at least the head, whereas J is less than 0, in particular, for several days, the stock will form at least short-term bottom.
2) When the K value is less progressive than the D values shown on the graph on the K line from the bottom line through D, shows the current trend is upward, so the K line on the graph to break up D line, is the buy signal.
real time when the K, D line 20 the following delivery * up, this time short-term buy signal is more accurate; If the value is below 50 K, from bottom to top through two successive rounds of the D value, the formation of the right than the left end of the high end the end of under, so break down the line on the graph K D line, is the sell signal.
real time when the K, D line in the 80 and over * pay down short-term sell signal this time is more accurate; If the K value above 50, from top to bottom beneath the D values between two successive rounds, the formation of right-left head lower than the first 4) deviate by KDJ and stock price movements to determine the top and bottom stock price is also quite practical way:
A) shares high, while the KD value is not high, for the top away from, should sell;
B) stock price to new lows, while the KD value is not new lows for the MACD should buy;
C) stock price is not high, and KD values of a new high, away from the top, should sell;
D) No stock lows, while the KD value of new lows, as the MACD should buy;
to note that departure from the top and bottom KDJ determined, it can only point of the previous wave of high and low compared to KD values can not jump phase comparison.
KDJ technical indicators in the actual operation would often valid and invalid gold * gold * gold *. invalid KDJ is based upon price of gold * buy the shares not rise, but fell. KDJ Kim * on the effectiveness, we can take weeks, and at K Line K Line KDJ to judge the combination of technical indicators.
KDJ and MACD
integrated use of the market is the most commonly used technical indicators and MACD indicators KDJ. KDJ indicator is a ahead of target species, using mostly short-term operation on the main; the MACD moving average is also called the smooth differences is the average cost from the difference between the market, generally reflect the overall trend of the center line. theoretically, KDJ indicator mainly reflects the advanced reflected in the speed of stock price, are strong in the 80 overbought zone near the stock has some risk; 50 for the wandering zone; 20 near the relatively safe area, are speculative area, you can Jiancang, but because of its fast and often frequent cause of buy sell signal failures are more; MACD indicators are synchronized with market prices because of the basic moves, so that a signal to increase the requirements and limitations in order to avoid the appearance of false signals. these two combined to determine the benefits of market is: can more accurately grasp the short-term purchase and sale of KDJ indicator signal. while the MACD indicators reflected the characteristics of the center line of the trend can be determined using two indicators will be in stock prices, short-term fluctuations. from Shaanxi Gold leaves (000 812) can be seen on December 20 last year, had been hit low KDJ, while MACD is with the stock until January 22 at the bottom. When on January 23 KDJ sync up with the MACD divergence, the time of buy signal is very easy to grasp. KDJ on February 4 when you start high passivation, MACD is still moving up, indicating that the upward momentum is still there, but will have some short-term solution to adjust
blunt KDJ indicator and * the Line of
1, amplification method. KDJ indicator is very sensitive because, so often give some miscellaneous letters, these signals are likely to mislead investors that the stock signals or generate signals shipping, so operation of mistakes. If we Zoom level to confirm the availability * of the signal, there will be good results. If K chart in Japan have a low index gold cross KDJ *, we can magnify it to see the weekly chart, if is also a weekly chart of gold produced in the low pay *, we will consider this signal can be * strong, I can safely go operation. If the weekly chart shows the way in the fall, then the daily chart of gold to pay * can * is not strong, it may be making the * line of approach, this time we can wait and see approach.
2, morphological method. KDJ indicators as sensitive, it gives the indicators often ahead of, so we can target by KDJ form to help find the right time to buy and selling point, KDJ indicator in the low end of the formation of W, triple bottom and form again when the end of the head and shoulders stock; in a strong market, KDJ indicator formed at a high level M when the head and head and shoulders , shipments of the signal may * be strengthened.
3, the number of waves method. KDJ indicator combines several waves, is a very effective method. in the K line graph, we can clearly distinguish between regular shape up a wave, the three waves, five waves. In K charts, stock bottom end plate, began to rise, often rising when the first sub-wave, KDJ indicator that is issued to pay * the ship of death signals, this time, we can be less consider this a sell signal, as it is likely to be a wrong signal or a * line signal. When the stock runs to the third sub-waves, we will increase the degree of attention on the sell signal, when the index was the first movement to Five sub-waves, the time indicators such as the KDJ sell signal is given, we will resolutely shipments. KDJ indicator at this time given the signal will usually be very accurate signal, when the stock began to fall just ended up, in the fall of the first sub-waves, less about KDJ index buy signal, when the index fell a third or fifth sub-sub-waves when the waves, before considering a buy signal KDJ indicator, fell five sub-waves, especially after the buy signal is given KDJ indicator more accurate.
4, the trend line method. the stock or the stock market into a very strong or very weak market, the stock will rise in the formation of unilateral movements and unilateral downtrend; decline in the trend of unilateral, KDJ indicator Society has issued a buy signal or low passive investors by operating a buy signal will be locked in early, some at very low purchase price, the result of stock price continued to fall, you can lower low. If you want to effective solution to this problem, you can add a line graph K downward trend line, there is no break in the stock index and stock prices before the downward trend line, KDJ issued a buy signal any, will not consider, only when the stock index and stock prices to break the downward trend line, and then began to consider KDJ index buy signal; rising trend in the unilateral, the market trend is very strong, high-index will often be issued a sell signal, click here to signal the operator will lose a large segment of market, we also K line can be added on a rising trend line, in stock or stock index rising trend line is not broken before, without considering the sell signal given by KDJ indicator, when the stock index and stock prices rose once to break the trend line, KDJ sell given signal, determined to implement, do not compromise.
weekly interim use
shares KDJ saying: speculation and investment in long-term victory. KDJ using weekly copy outsole, the bottom of the can * do more is winning the regional high road to the winner. KDJ indicator is the 9-week medium-term trend is the fluctuation in stock price , the sale of high reference value for the center line of the signal.
KDJ 9 weeks but for the use of stocks hunters need to have the following conditions: ① active stock characteristics, volatility, large.
② no escape recent at the top Chuang behavior.
③ plate moderate, float caps less than 9,000 shares (preferably less than 6500 shares).
④ fallen from the top or mid-side plunge by a big margin.
meet the above conditions with 9-week stock high accuracy KDJ hunters, the specific signal characteristics are as follows: 1.9 weeks KDJ golden cross appears in the following 20 *, is often cut is the best time (shown in the B1 point). generally are at least in the short-term a certain intensity of the rebound rally.
2.KDJ around 20 (can be slightly higher than 20) or occurs in about 50 gold *, the often short-term bottom. KDJ more visible only when the MACD (stock hit low, KD index declined lows) signal, and low pay double or more to pay * *, the only medium that is the bottom (or second intermediate bottom) come (as in the B2 point).
3.J line index is negative, there more than 2 weeks (often 3-5 weeks). the bottom of the passivation, has often led to low rebound. Investors can now be seen as short-term bottom, but temporarily Kuaijinkuaichu, profitable to attitude in the run (shown in the B3 point). unless there is 9 weeks RSI, 14 周 RSI below 20, or KDJ low (20 or so) away from the bottom and KDJ more than twice more can * make * such as medium to long term signal when the hunters can become the center line after the holding.
we can Juyou network (000 693) weeks of the classic instance of the K line of 9 weeks KDJ hunters to see the real value of the buy signal: ① D value is less than 20 B1 for the medium to long term buy .1997 July 25 closing price of 6.15 yuan in the week, March 5, 1999 at 14.1 million, 10 December 1999 to 18.6 million, could be used as medium to long term buy. the highest rose 21.28, respectively, yuan, 31 yuan and 30.79 yuan, or as high as 240%, 100% and 60% -70%, and were quick to get into profit after buying the state.
② 2000 年 11 beginning near the end of the stock away from the 21 yuan , a buy signal appears, the highest on the test 24.94 yuan middle, there are 15-25% of the center line profits.
③ to the bottom of Juyou network signals most recent point of view, February 23, 2001 closing price of 19.2 yuan, March 2 to 20.2, J values are less than zero, for 2 weeks and showed a passive target in the short-term buy .3 29 closing price of 20.68 yuan (D value of 28.72 yuan), double bottom and further confirmed the departure from the center line l potential, then the test in mid-April peak of 26.95 yuan's mid-term, middle 30% -37%, the maximum amount of the proceeds.
④ 2001 年 10 weekly dated 26 KDJ gold again in 20 * the following issue, from the lowest 15 rose to 20.3 million yuan, also a lot of money 20% -30% of revenue.
the above analysis, we have the potential for fundamentals, capital stocks face a village, capture by 9 weeks KDJ the center line can be * the end of long-term bottom is entirely possible. but investors want to have a great deal of patience, and to the center line of investment firm belief in the K line graph hunters involved in the most ugly moment, the only way to achieve a higher success rate, and win a lot of money in the middle income.
KDJ indicator of a special analysis of
, KDJ analysis cycle
day, week, month, minutes (60 minutes mainly)
10 days to analyze the parameters of KDJ The judgments for a period of 3 days (from the gold * to die * for 3 days)
50 days to analyze the parameters of KDJ's analysis using the period of 10 days
50 days or more parameters for the analysis of KDJ The judgments for a period of 20 days
Second, the principle of average
first long-term average stock price, once suppressed, KDJ and then how to make gold * The only short-term operation and must not do in the long-term investment. This is the KDJ use of the premise. in the long term moving average, and far from the average, KDJ Kim *, the stock has the potential to do short-term oversold bounce operation
three broad rally
cycle is short and medium term at most to maintain KDJ 15 days - 1 month
weeks KDJ is the interim to maintain the time for 1 month - 3 months (once the gold *, the basic will go up within a month, but the gains are not sure)
long-term monthly KDJ , maintenance time is generally 3 months - 5 months
IV diluted, KDJ indicator is not judged significant, at least three months before they can re-judged
five, KDJ
with the changes of parameters the extensive use of technical analysis, the importance of technical indicators is evident. but because of the current technical specifications of the operation has been greatly simplified, which resulted in a large area of similar specifications, and has lost its guiding role. So as far as possible to maintain accuracy, sensitivity and timeliness of the harmony and unity, it is necessary to reset the parameters of certain indicators, and note the following General:
First, set the parameters according to the time cycle. Whether tape or individual stocks, the time period
will run all of its greater impact, while the cycle itself is often a very important parameter, which is the average, strong and weak aspects of
indicators was particularly prominent. The cycle of measurement, usually by the time span of two important low
to determine. At the same time, because of long, medium and short-term difference, the investor must set according to the specific circumstances and their own personalized
known parameters, and 5 (days) or its multiples, and Feibonanzi series in this regard is a good choice.
Second, to maintain the consistency of the different time standards. If the parameters for daily into the time-sharing, especially in the shock categories of indicators will be too sensitive for the weekly and monthly lag is apparent, therefore, in the application process,
this principle must be used, mutatis mutandis, it is definitely not a simple calculation, but fine-tuning is required after conversion, although the absolute consistency of individual targets to achieve better results still.
Third, pay attention to the broader market and the similarities and differences between individual stocks. As the broader market and individual stocks and the special relationship is generally suitable for the broader market the same target parameters, usually either directly or after slight adjustments for most stocks, but the existence of differences between the two, after all, the broader market, the average results are often also disguise the truth or ignore many of the personality, that is in a super-or ultra- Unlike the broader market weak state of the stocks, the parameter setting should also give special favor.
fourth, with constantly adjusting to market changes and optimize. strong and weak stocks and the broader market shares of the situation is very different, balanced market has also been run with the trend different. the face of changing market, if it is found not suitable for the original parameters of the prevailing market situation, we need to be amended in order to optimize the parameters of indicators, which should be a long-term work, especially in the short-term parameters. < br> Six different indicators of cycle parameters of KDJ's analysis
(a) 34 days KDJ (Note: This is the software on the Qianlong KDJ parameters) to use for most of the stock market analysis software
, investors according to different stocks, stock trends in different periods and the interest of investors prefer to modify the index to arrive at different conclusions. KDJ the value changes at 34, following a brief 34 days here, KDJ use. < br> 1, first of all, the KDJ interval running very vulnerable area is divided into the following 20 to 20 - 50, 50 between the disadvantaged areas - 80 80 and over between the strong and very strong area area 50 is the numerical strength of line.
34 at KDJ indicator for the 50 line up from the vulnerable area is a strong share price short-term resistance, as long as the D value KDJ rushed 50 value is not valid, we can not say that stock prices have out of vulnerable areas, KD two values without success at this point is a very normal thing, it is necessary to attach great importance to the role of this resistance, many stocks are rebounding to end at this point.
34 indicators at KDJ 50 lines in the area for the fall off from the strong share price is concerned, although some support, but relatively easy to break, become an important reference not intended ...
Thursday, February 24, 2011
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floor baseboard is selling sent the floor or eight centimeters of the better, but also to the safety flooring company. baseboard and the wall of the seam between the need to use putty added, so stay the last time Puwan finish after the floor brush. First floor holes and wall paint brush, paint shop and then fill partial, no longer the brush again.
uneven brick floor and approach: 1. booster under the floor with cement mortar leveling .2. .3 Po with bedding. gap is not the case with copper strips or window-stone (preferably good netted brown marble, about 120 yuan / square meters, selling the place of stone not to safety, engineering costs by floor tile discounted prices by area) pressure joints.
not waxing flooring, solid wood oak wood selection is good, solid yet cheap. recommended brand EMC, nature, Sweet Basil.
flooring is not squeamish, not afraid of water, good care, all shops have an overall sense of wood flooring, not leveling.
European headquarters in the West Fourth Ring Code Dinghui Qiaoxibeijiao, 4, Yongding Road, Eastern Hospital; headquarters of the EU Code of normal transactions only from the headquarters negative after-sale customer responsibility; the EU Code has never been the headquarters ship of the board 8 fold;
light: the living room lights the lantern with the Hong Kong East Howe, 130 yuan. Op (ring ring the Op good) 22-watt square transparent ceiling (similar to the kind of car before the lamp glass) than the kind of resin to cover a lot of light for the kitchen. that the resin cover 22 watt amp balcony, 9-watt amp that laundry room. < br> living room, master bedroom, second bedroom, dining room lights: 72 watts in the middle is a curved frosted glass lights (the vertical piece of glass on each side), a 72-watt arc Gyrosigma middle is a glass (with a stainless steel shelf), a crystal ball mounted lights (we highly recommend this to light), a 48-watt Gyrosigma glass lamps. hallway ceiling 52438M, 168 yuan. Shilihe Lamps can go to Taiwan to see thousands of li, where and the whole new style lights, door number is 4058, telephone 67303598
restaurant chandelier: G Winter, 99, Ikea has sold; or buy Hong Kong Qilang, the model is the 986-3, the restaurant is down lights, three in a row, can be high, medium and low emissions, color, Yuquanying the lowest price, 200 yuan.
mirror front lamp MSD, specifications: moisture 1013,138 yuan.
cabinet lights Neptune Orient, Ray who's good, Jianxiang Qiao lamps wholesale city (to lowest) Ocean's store three (3 spotlights) and Neptune Orient to sell 130.
Picture available nightstand lamps, reading lamps for lighting, small for getting up at night with lights.
the living room: If the room is low, the available ceiling plus floor lamp, so that appears to be bright and generous living room, with contemporary, floor lamp with the sofa, the sofa on the wall near the lower wall placement, so that not only local lighting when reading and talking in the parlor Shihai cordial and harmonious atmosphere added.
tiles brick tiles that add a polished quartz crystal whole body such as the Mona Lisa's good , after the discount 75 / sq. To prevent the dark brick on the infiltrated water to fall, for the first time to play again when cleaning wax (wax is better than some good technology), porous bricks and sealed on the permeability of the future will not , call only cosmetic problem, water slip. rudder is not bad.'s kick wood tiles, the glass of the kick colors, easy to find the right size, easy to swap. wood skirting on the wall set strong and thin. tile grouts grouts with Henkel good, 5kg, 39 yuan / bag, white bag, Homemart cheap.
matt slip (on a layer of glazed tiles): kitchen floor tiles by Marco Polo (85-90 / square meter) of the light blue good. Rome, Leo 60 / m (Qi parent recommended).
wall tiles (tiles)
silver whale (the kitchen) the quality of the good, 200X300 70 / sq. not also be a small brick with a long valley. tile mid-range in 40-60 / m, matt good, does not sag pattern selection (especially the kitchen), so easy to clean. Rome's white matte 200t200 48 yuan / square (bathroom with good).
test tile three methods:
1, see: surface roughness, edge uniformity;
2, fight: out on the ground fight, check the size accuracy, straight angle;
3, testing: the tiles on the back sprinkled with water, testing water absorption. into a good slow.
buy more than one brick, so that is not enough, Bahrain day one by one knock, check the hollowing .
tile Category:
tiles according to the function is divided into floor tiles, wall tiles and waist line tiles, etc..
tiles: divided by color imitation of Spanish tiles, tiles, glazed tiles, non-slip tiles and polished and so bleed.
wall: can be divided according to color glass wall, wall printing.
waist line tiles: mostly printing blocks. In line with the specifications of wall, waist line tiles would normally be set The format for the 60mmt200mm.
tiles according to the process is divided into: tile, whole body tiles, polished tiles, tiles, ceramic mosaic tiles.
glazed: refers to the brick surface layer of glazed brick burning. This brick divided into two categories: fired clay; other is to use clay firing, the current about 80% of home improvement buyers choose this brick surface decoration materials.
quintana bricks: This is a species are not glazed porcelain tiles, a very good slip resistance and wear resistance. generally called a polished, this tile is very hard, very wear resistant.
tiles: This is a high-temperature firing of the porcelain tile is a tile of the most hard.
ceramic mosaic tiles : also known as Mosaic, specifications, thin and small, hard, acid, alkali, wear impervious, work under pressure, not broken, colorful and diverse.
door
finished interior door: molded door is a factory molded, not easily deformed, the price is cheap, but feel badly, poor sound insulation. molded door is the most suitable as the door contaminated species, especially white contaminated, only the primer. giant into Shanghai's brand-name, quality, well, just last year to establish factory in Beijing Yizhuang production, monthly sales in more than 500, is re-molded door quality choice!! Masonite molded door of the boss is doing is the U.S. subsidiary of Masonite, the quality did not problem, but the basic you in giant into 5%.
door if you do, buy Daixinban, plus decorative panels (such as red beech, cherry, etc.), eye patch with putty, painted edible vegetable oil, Paint can be brush Huarun Qing. If a high level of decoration painter carpentry team let him do otherwise buy a product gate.
door Category:
MDF molded door: MDF molding a double-sided, hollow core doors, style single, low-grade.
Blockboard double bag door: semi-manual semi-mechanized production, the door core pine frame, two small wooden bread board, style single, flat gate-based, low-grade.
all solid wood mortise structure of the door: a simple mechanized production, all solid wood, with pine, iron fir, rowan, ash and other materials, the structure connecting the main door frame joints, inlaid door core, the market is in the high-end products. Since all solid wood reasons, so there are fatal defects in quality: door deformation, tenon joints cracking, core contraction Lu Bai.
solid wood doors: The mechanized assembly line production, the use of wood composite technology. the door with pine integration all kinds of valuable wood hidden inner edge, face cover all kinds of valuable wood veneer, wood line shape using a variety of precious wood, core with perforated particleboard and medium density fiberboard. long-lasting stability, deformation and cracking, appearance, and all solid wood as natural elegance, texture and style can be more choices, is in the high-end products.
flat, solid wood doors: door frame generally finger-fir or pine wood (a small amount of use of other timber), the middle part of the use of timber, or Use the same paper honeycomb molded door, MDF hot 5 per cent, the surface coating 0.3m0.6mm of solid wood veneer pressing, pressing twice due to the need to make door surface is very smooth, internal full adhesion, the fundamental cracking may not occur. The market is not purely on the flat, solid wood door, it is because if the entire door is wood, not only will lead to the door leaf deformation (the fill material will play the role of a counterweight, reduce the possibility of deformation). and make the weight of very heavy door, can not afford regular hinge.
modeling class solid wood doors: the market are mostly loaded plate structure, the curve of the coated veneer line shut Technology is only a few brand-name master the big factory, so many are using the wood on the market shut lines, so that eventually appeared door color, thus affecting the overall results. shape mostly door MDF door core, reducing the gate Core contraction led to the possibility of cracking, but the shape of the door or easy to crack contaminated.
door with a simple price list of various brands:
composite door (complete door package is installed, lock the price of harmony leaf): br> TATA: 1600 yuan; China Crane: 1300 yuan; Alexandra Kerry: T port than 1800, the reduction of another 150 flat; Holtz: All the T port, flat panel doors 1588, more than 2000 glass style doors ; including TATA, China Crane, Alexandra Kerry, Holtz is a sealed section free of charge. LG: 1300 yuan, 30 yuan encryption seals must add.
molded door (door plus door pocket price, excluding Lock Hop leaf): Fu Man door: 850 / set; Star Gate: 700 ~ 800 / set (but a lot of complaints online, said installation service is not good)
steel windows windows
conch good identification method: look inside The steel is not very thin, very thin on a bad note. rails can not be loose nor very astringent, to moderate, the most important thing is to be sealed. Conch card 88 Series: 260 casement window, sliding glass 240 single, single glass float 260, Shuangbo vacuum (middle pumping inert gas into the vacuum plus) 380, general Shuangbo 260, float Shuangbo 290,80 series and 88 series is basically a small 40 yuan / sq.
curtain rod again finish in the final pre-installed. curtains and curtain rods are free to sell come to measure curtains installed. so he loaded it all, no problem promising curtain, length, etc. will not drag on the ground, take off acquire a home, finished cleaning himself and then hang up.
sanitary toilet
benefits of buying and Wrigley. CR mirror with good quality; China Airlines hardware cheap and good quality; name race, extension to Yuba (Yuba including if the exhaust fan, should play wooden, Yuba need to take two FireWire) good quality and the price is slightly lower, with a warm and easy ventilation, 300 yuan; Canadian maple glass partition (bath house) and good quality. Faen Sha toilet is good, all more than 1,000. to drain: to buy a water seal, deodorant, deodorant Do not buy the cover, the buyer-shaped, not round cut tiles. Green Home Building Materials City of Hope (West Fourth Ring Qiaoxibeijiao clear four seasons) of water reform: Pilsa PPR good (aluminum tubes for a long time may be leaking at the interface), ceiling with Lvkou Ban, good value for money Chinese lion and dragon (lighted).
toilet comparison of the three series: whirlpool Comparison of quiet; dashed into the more traditional way, costs of water; spray more water-saving.
audience basin is divided into basins, basin and pedestal table. audience basin is the basin body embedded in the table below, from the do not see the edge of the basin on the table. This basin and are generally used in conjunction with marble or granite countertops. As the body in the basin the following table, so pay more attention to use the basin. the edge of the platform above the basin surface, so the emphasis on practical premise, the decorative effect is very important. Therefore, when the basin in the design of Taiwan, the manufacturers have to develop their potentials to produce some highly artistic products. pedestal is independent, and the basin below a body pillar supporting the . Sometimes these columns do not bear the weight of the basin, just to shelter the water pipes. generally used for smaller bathroom.
bathroom with a gas water heater or electric water heaters the best start to think clearly, if it is gas water heater to In the kitchen with water, electricity and improve gas pipelines, electric water heater if it is to be considered in the future on which corner of the bathroom (floor-standing vertically high thermal efficiency), of course, if there is really no place to put on a load-bearing walls can only stand in the the (sideways).
bathroom renovation construction procedure
1, water, electricity transformation and adjustment of the line (the bathroom wall where the line should be dredged to go for waterproof, waterproof paint brush to the slot, so even if Running water will not wet the future inside the walls); 2, Sheung Shui pipe should be replaced by underground pipe (with PPR pipe), to do after completing suppression test (to close the valve into your house water meter will need to suppression of the export pipeline sealed with plug, leaving only an import. and then import then suppressed in the machine, the so-called suppression machine is a simple hand pump, after hitting a certain pressure to persist for some time. specific pressure and The duration of pipe materials and the use of functions. such as: aluminum tube 6-8 kg ,0.5-1 hour, the pressure drop can be no greater than 0.1 kg) 3, the circuit according to the bathroom lamp and adjust the number and installation location ; 4, water and electricity reconstruction after passing inspection, the ceiling construction and fine wood decoration, installation of bath tub or make room; 5, bathtub installation, paving tiles wall tiles and tub skirt; 6, last, paving the ground and paint operations; 7, the wall construction is completed, install toilet and other sanitary ware and the sink to wash Union board equipment. In addition, make 1-meter waterproof shower wall 8, the non-shower walls 30 to 40 cm, the ground is all done.
Note : kitchen, bathroom riser treatment: do the shelf with light steel keel, cement board packet, plus galvanized wire, then tiling.
balcony balcony window of the marble shop
/ m; window-select a small stone Sands, black color, 130 / square meter, in the Western Union Stone (Yu Haiyuan area nearby) to buy.
ceiling first, then loaded racks, screws through the roof through the ceiling on the floor. rods, Ruby Brand, 3 Mega 2 meters, double pole cable, and two lifting rods respectively, 220 including installation (lighted).
ceiling with Lvkou Ban, Hua lion and dragon good value for money (lighted).
Note: racks must install before the install the balcony ceiling.
Kitchen:
how to choose the kitchen cabinet door
1, fire board door: fire Multi-plate door West board (thickness 18mm) posted double-sided fire board, veneer made after the Edge; as the door has irreplaceable advantages of other materials, there are hundreds of colors, can be arbitrary combinations, door size can be According to the kitchen structure to be unrestricted. It should be noted that the quality of Edge to Edge effects and directly affect the quality of the door, the German Rehau, Germany, are world-renowned brands are willing, are primary materials production, can be recycled, and has good texture, smooth, and so lead angle; Edge is generally made of recycled materials production, sometimes after the unglued edge phenomenon.
2, melamine finish door: family love of Germany board as the representative, as the door more competitive, the door has a bend, deformation, corrosion resistance and other advantages, a variety of colors. Currently, the domestic production of decorative panels to Lushuihe board as the representative of the indicators have reached international standards, is a good choice.
3, brushed metal door: modern technology of metal materials, presenting a bold avant-garde temperament. the surface by special oxidation, fine brushed polished, dense protective layer formed on the surface, with excellent wear, fire, corrosion resistance. delicate texture, easy to clean, long life. metallic color is never backward. calm temperament to trouble the kitchen cool life experience.
4, box-type door: frame material is MDF, outsourcing PVC, core board for the German love of adornment board or fire board, the cabinet company's own reprocessing stitching; the door embodies a contemporary, modern people ideal.
5, plastic door plastic door is very mature in Europe, but also a very popular kitchen cabinet material, but PVC plastic door is now made very pass, the current German and South Korean high-light matt plastic door panels are very popular.
6, solid wood door: solid wood door made up less than the current production process because the existence of deformation, easy to dry, rough surface and so on. suggested Germany or Italy, imported solid wood door. < br> 7, the glass door aluminum door frame: it reflects a modern, currently very popular in the entire kitchen cabinet set off from the role, the delicate texture of mosaic glass, long Changxin.
8, paint door: material : core board is MDF, the surface after six imported baking spray paint (three at the end, two faces, one light). Performance: DuPont gorgeous piano door bright color, excellent water resistance, dirt capacity, easy to clean, that customers prefer a style, but the drawback is that if a case of damage, but very difficult to repair, to total replacement. prone to chromatic aberration.
how to judge the quality of the cabinet to see Edge: Large manufacturers use modern equipment, the use of high temperature and pressure sealing, sealing after the appearance of clean, strong, chamfered smooth, long-term use to avoid moisture damage on the cabinet.
see hardware accessories: a good cabinet is a cabinet hardware accessories and body, the perfect combination of doors, open and close freely when in use, no noise, can stand on the million damage to the switch without distortion.
cabinet board formaldehyde emission standards to be used man-made board, and artificial stone countertops and stainless steel for the better choice.
cabinet design experience: multi-functional cutting board; so heavy appliances cleverly hidden; all the glass cabinets are shock, Zhuojiao is circular, the handle with smooth, strong streamlined; fume extraction sensor lights on the machine is also very ; the advantages of artificial stone cabinet table is greater than the other materials.
Sai Luoke cabinets good, I like BLUELOVER and Venice Gardens series, there are not many silver special election is also very good series, if to organize a group purchase even more affordable, and hardware are imported, the price is high. and it's free measurement and design.
Sink: Moen full scrub, good care, the size of tank (big wash pots and pans small washing fruits), high bending lead (easy to put high-pot) package 943 yuan. Franke sink is a good, professional, but a good leader is a Moen.
kitchen renovation in order:
1 , the construction team approach, about the draft cabinet cabinet designers, location of water, power position; 2, buy the kitchen hood, stove, water heater, pots and other vegetables; 3, the kitchen wall and floor tiles stick better, ceiling completed, and then about a specific design of the designer (the hood, stove, water heater, Farm sink, microwave ovens , refrigerator the size of such offers), signed a contract to install; 4, the end fitting about the cabinet installation. Tel; 133-11315396
ceiling with Lvkou Ban, cost-effective Chinese lion and dragon good (lighted).
Nippon Paint
triple: require the state legislature back cover of 5170 oil primer, then painted triple the state legislature. triple preferably not diluted.
recommendations Dulux wall paint with a second-generation 5-one, with the best price may Lai (170-180/5 L, can brush 40 square meters 2 times the wall area is calculated according to the ground by 3.5), one of the ice blue with 5 bedrooms very beautiful. patch within the insulation wall, other walls are not stickers, Dacron on the line, Si Gebu better.
Nippon paint the top of the United States was Korea, also known as ultra-white, 120 / barrel. cheap effect, legislation State Fee paint, Dulux Province paint (about the amount of difference more than doubled); force state hard brush, Dulux good brush; VIKING difficult patch, Dulux good repair.
water putty can not not shave, use it again interface agent, then disclosure Home scraping Beijing Plains get insurance, paint the end of 2 1 surface, not necessarily because the wall is flat.
paint brush better than good, but the amount of paint 15% larger than the brush, so Spray your brush decoration company than 3-5 yuan / square meter.
edible vegetable oil and contaminated wood are all that paint, brush transparent paint, exposed wood qualities of the edible vegetable oil, also known as varnish; covered timber qualities, colors, paint brushes Tu is contaminated.
to shop composite wood floor, install wooden doors, and wall paint brush last time, so that the wall will not get flowers. generally only patch the wall (usually Dacron cloth), mainly crack .
decor: white mixed oil (preferably white spray contaminated, or are printed and brush hair brush), edible vegetable oil (Thailand Teak) ** Wood (recommended cherry , walnut (too expensive), maple, beech has been unpopular, close to the black walnut, maple close to white), varnishes (8 times). do Contaminated more expensive than edible vegetable oil, contaminated on the grade. If there is a cherry or maple beech wood, with warm colors better; if it is walnut and other dark, and white together is better. beech wood almost the color contrast, the price is 1 cherry / 3.
contaminated suitable for young people, neat, cooling off in vain, so I would like to use light blue or light green, will increase the interior space and increases the brightness, the decoration style of Contaminated or beech wood to do to save material fees, gated cheap molded door (less Daixinban, almost no carpentry.) mixed with even a clear effect. Contaminated There are 3 ways: 1, polyester paint finish (CRC is good, should be a set, a set of three barrels, a bucket of paint, thinner barrel, a barrel of cured paint ) good (primer with lacquer, such as lacquer to dry and then brush poly varnish), brushing 3 times, will not lightly yellow .2, .3,8 polyester paint brush 4 times over the lacquer (because it is thinner than the polyester paint, volatile). edible vegetable oil varnish with a good CRC (in the decorative panel polished brush 3 times). White contaminated with copper hinge good. Note: Love is a series of CRC.
process is divided into edible vegetable oil and wood painting wood painting process contaminated
can be divided into two kinds of edible vegetable oil and contaminated. edible vegetable oil process is, the better lines in the wood surface painted wood varnish, the operation is completed, you can still clearly see the wood texture, there is a natural feeling. Contaminated process is means that workers in the wood surface to make the necessary processing (such as repair nail holes, playing sandpaper, putty) after the color of the wood surface painted with opaque paint.
background color and not on two:
not on the background of edible vegetable oil, is the painter who completed treatment in the wood surface after brushing varnish directly on the wood surface, this result can basically reflect the wood surface lines and the original color, a stronger sense of reality; but this process can not solve the wood surface treatment color changes, and scarring the surface of wood and other defects in the wood itself.
on the background of the the painter who is the construction team during the construction, first do a good job painting a model, allowing customers to choose according to their color preferences; or customers own soft spot for some of the color of wood, can also require people to produce their own paint model painter ; painter to do background on the wood surface (oil color or color), in the background and dry finish after a good brushing according to pre-agreed number of times the paint requirements, brushing the surface of the paint in the timber until the completion of the entire process.
contaminated process has long been in use, stylish and out of date without the points, the difference is technological progress. This method can give more color painted wood, is decorated with more personalized options .
present, decoration, mixed oil paint can be used many different types, we used to use mainly alkyd, or nitro-mixed paint mixed paint, and now for many species, the polyester and the like, water-based paint.
almost. because it is almost two paint production technology, the biggest difference is that the paint is mixed with varnish to add the color in it.
Experts suggest that your designer with the design of the edible vegetable oil and the use of contaminated, perhaps with better results. putty to do Contaminated, transparent putty to do edible vegetable oil, according to the actual use.
color paint and white paint is the same price, if is a white wall will need to fine furniture and decorations to match, there will be a very laborious feeling, than choose the color of the wall. in the selection of furniture, wall color the color to consider. furniture yellow, white, wall choice of light colors. furniture dark, dark gray wall color can not be used, otherwise there is no spirit of the room.
enlarge
cool colors make the room a bluish color are cool colors, the colors are warm reddish tone. cool colors more than the warm feeling of distance. slightly larger living room space with a relatively bright colors make the space more compact; and cool colors make the room look more spacious.
radiator:
bedroom: curve Radiator better reflect the quiet atmosphere of the bedroom. flowing lines reminiscent of the flowing sheet music, came from the warmth of the music like a beautiful melody to sleep with you.
bathroom: the toilet space is limited, as a kinds of trends, the simple design of the modern bathroom is being accepted by more and more people. removed the bathroom door cumbersome, and replaced with glass partition or simply do nothing, then moved to the dresser. Therefore, small footprint in particular, thin shape of the radiator, which is the first choice for the bathroom.
living room: living room design is often more daring, bold attempt to red, yellow or blue and white colors, the whole room filled with a unique vitality. Long Star
good radiator, radiator Ann lower, conducive to heat and thermal cycling, if the election never too ugly aluminum prices cheaper than steel, as well as insurance premiums, an average of 31 / square meter. renovating removed Old Heating, ready interface, the last time left before the installation of wall paint, such as directly on the floor to the floor after the Puwan; does not matter if the wall is.
Furniture: Green Code, Sofia's wardrobe is good, in the Mingguang buy. melamine board of environmental protection, with its veneer of mid-range or more brands in general use particleboard, and solid wood veneer used mostly MDF (such as Noah's family, Di.) trimetazidine, Connaught McNair with the import of Love home plate, Novo Jie little odor, only the white beech and gray drawing both options is the hundred best use particleboard.
Health benefits of inter-
ware to buy U.S. targets. Resources for the mirror good quality; China Airlines cheap and good quality hardware; name race, extension to Yuba (Yuba including exhaust fans if should play wooden, Yuba need to take two FireWire) good quality and the price is slightly lower, with a warm and ventilation convenience, 300 yuan; Add maple glass partition (bath house) and good quality. Faen Sha good toilet, are more than 1,000. to drain: to buy a water seal, deodorant, deodorant Do not buy the cover, the buyer-shaped, not round good cut brick. Green Home Building Materials City of Hope (West Fourth Ring Qiaoxibeijiao clear four seasons) of . ground leveling and water (labor and materials) are typically 15 / m and 60 / square meter.
water reform: Pilsa PPR good (aluminum tubes for a long time may be leaking at the interface), ceiling with Lvkou Ban , Chinese lion and dragon good value for money (lighted).
toilet three series comparison: compare whirlpool quiet; dashed into the more traditional way, costs of water; spray more water-saving.
basin is divided into Under Counter Basin, Counter Basin and Pedestal. audience basin is the basin body embedded in the table below, from the basin can not see the edge of the counter. this basin and are generally used in conjunction with marble or granite countertops. As the body basin In the table below, so pay more attention to use the basin. the edge of the platform above the basin surface, so the premise of the focus on practical, decorative effect is very important. Therefore, when the basin in the design of Taiwan, the manufacturers have to develop their potentials, to produce Some highly artistic products. pedestal is independent, and the basin below the body of a matching post. Sometimes these columns do not bear the weight of the basin, just to shelter the water pipes. generally used for smaller bathroom .
bathroom with a gas water heater or electric water heaters the best start to think clearly, if it is gas water heater in the kitchen with water, electricity and improve gas pipelines, electric water heater if it is to be considered in the future on which corner of the bathroom (vertically high thermal efficiency of floor-standing), of course, no place to put if it can only stand in the load-bearing walls on the (sideways).
bathroom renovation construction procedure
1, water, electricity transformation and adjustment of the line (Trench bathroom wall where the alignment should be waterproof, waterproof paint brush to the slot, so even if the water does not wet the next run inside the walls); 2, Sheung Shui pipe should be replaced by underground pipe (with PPR pipe), to do after completing suppression test (to close the valve into your house water meter, the pipeline will need to suppress the use of the export plug sealed, leaving only an import. and then suppressed in the import of machines, the so-called suppress the machine is a simple hand pump, after hitting a certain pressure to persist for some time. specific pressure and duration of pipe materials and the use of functions. such as: aluminum tube 6-8 kg ,0.5-1 hour pressure drop to less than 0.1 kg) 3, the circuit according to the number of bathrooms and installation of complete electrical position adjustments; 4, water and electricity reconstruction after passing inspection, the ceiling construction and fine wood decoration, installation of bath tub or make room; 5 bathtub installation, tiling wall tiles ...
sub floor wood floors, laminate flooring, wood flooring and bamboo flooring 4. Wood: shiny, foot feeling good, surrounded by style, decoration strenuous, requiring constant maintenance renovation, do not wear, price high. composite board: affordable, easy to install, easy maintenance, wear and long life, harmful counterfeit products, ornamental worse than wood. Dekor too expensive, it is recommended not to buy Power Dekor's 65, 65 What are free, plus other costs, estimates are around 90, and extremely wearable, relief of the EU Code okay.
only need waxing wood, enhanced by the use of one year after Pearl Bailey it! year with a dry mop drag, you can slightly damp.
laminate flooring from the table AL2O3 wear layer, decorative layer, the core story density, moisture-proof layer of glue from the bottom. AL2O3 covered with wear-resistant layer In decorative paper, asked AL2O3 very careful, in the process, neither cover layer on the decorative patterns and colors, but also close to uniform surface decorative layer attached to the surface; decorative layer, which is printed on paper, printed with realistic surface wood patterns; core high-density fiberboard (HDF), medium density fiberboard or particleboard quality special. not painting wax laminate flooring, easy installation, the floor belongs to a new environment.
laminate flooring choice: to see Material: laminate flooring should be based on the normal high-density fiberboard. look thickness: thickness of the international standard 8mm, below this thickness is not strong. see proof measures: Is there a special moisture-proof mats on the floor with or without solid proof layer, whether it is special floor waterproof glue such as plastic. see Packing: If the imported goods, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, should the Chinese identity and customs inspection certificate.
long-Sheng floor and the first certification by China Environmental Labelling EU Code of the floor, formaldehyde emission per square meter is only 0.056 and 0.075 mg, significantly lower than other flooring formaldehyde emissions. Contact Phone :130 -11291869. you can see their homes in the East show!
installed flooring manufacturers are looking for formal , the highest bid but will not eat your money on installation. the general agent in the whole small bag pumping board, short board can not open the whole, according to a new multi-connector plate or choose the direction of installation. installation should ensure that every room there are people watching, and the installation of the floor into the family before the total amount of inventory, whether the worker Wang Wuwai throw wrapping paper entrainment floor. There is a cut down on the floor head to try to use both, to minimize waste. wood the same floor and tile.
floor baseboard is selling sent the floor or eight centimeters of the better, but also to the safety flooring company. baseboard and the wall of the seam between the need to use putty added, so stay the last time Puwan finish after the floor brush. First floor holes and wall paint brush, paint shop and then fill partial, no longer the brush again.
uneven brick floor and approach: 1. booster under the floor with cement mortar leveling .2. .3 Po with bedding. gap is not the case with copper strips or window-stone (preferably good netted brown marble, about 120 yuan / square meters, selling the place of stone not to safety, engineering costs by floor tile discounted prices by area) pressure joints.
not waxing flooring, solid wood oak wood selection is good, solid yet cheap. recommended brand EMC, nature, Sweet Basil.
flooring is not squeamish, not afraid of water, good care, all shops have an overall sense of wood flooring, not leveling.
European headquarters in the West Fourth Ring Code Dinghui Qiaoxibeijiao, 4, Yongding Road, Eastern Hospital; headquarters of the EU Code of normal transactions only from the headquarters negative after-sale customer responsibility; the EU Code has never been the headquarters ship of the board 8 fold;
light: the living room lights the lantern with the Hong Kong East Howe, 130 yuan. Op (ring ring the Op good) 22-watt square transparent ceiling (similar to the kind of car before the lamp glass) than the kind of resin to cover a lot of light for the kitchen. that the resin cover 22 watt amp balcony, 9-watt amp that laundry room. < br> living room, master bedroom, second bedroom, dining room lights: 72 watts in the middle is a curved frosted glass lights (the vertical piece of glass on each side), a 72-watt arc Gyrosigma middle is a glass (with a stainless steel shelf), a crystal ball mounted lights (we highly recommend this to light), a 48-watt Gyrosigma glass lamps. hallway ceiling 52438M, 168 yuan. Shilihe Lamps can go to Taiwan to see thousands of li, where and the whole new style lights, door number is 4058, telephone 67303598
restaurant chandelier: G Winter, 99, Ikea has sold; or buy Hong Kong Qilang, the model is the 986-3, the restaurant is down lights, three in a row, can be high, medium and low emissions, color, Yuquanying the lowest price, 200 yuan.
mirror front lamp MSD, specifications: moisture 1013,138 yuan.
cabinet lights Neptune Orient, Ray who's good, Jianxiang Qiao lamps wholesale city (to lowest) Ocean's store three (3 spotlights) and Neptune Orient to sell 130.
Picture available nightstand lamps, reading lamps for lighting, small for getting up at night with lights.
the living room: If the room is low, the available ceiling plus floor lamp, so that appears to be bright and generous living room, with contemporary, floor lamp with the sofa, the sofa on the wall near the lower wall placement, so that not only local lighting when reading and talking in the parlor Shihai cordial and harmonious atmosphere added.
tiles brick tiles that add a polished quartz crystal whole body such as the Mona Lisa's good , after the discount 75 / sq. To prevent the dark brick on the infiltrated water to fall, for the first time to play again when cleaning wax (wax is better than some good technology), porous bricks and sealed on the permeability of the future will not , call only cosmetic problem, water slip. rudder is not bad.'s kick wood tiles, the glass of the kick colors, easy to find the right size, easy to swap. wood skirting on the wall set strong and thin. tile grouts grouts with Henkel good, 5kg, 39 yuan / bag, white bag, Homemart cheap.
matt slip (on a layer of glazed tiles): kitchen floor tiles by Marco Polo (85-90 / square meter) of the light blue good. Rome, Leo 60 / m (Qi parent recommended).
wall tiles (tiles)
silver whale (the kitchen) the quality of the good, 200X300 70 / sq. not also be a small brick with a long valley. tile mid-range in 40-60 / m, matt good, does not sag pattern selection (especially the kitchen), so easy to clean. Rome's white matte 200t200 48 yuan / square (bathroom with good).
test tile three methods:
1, see: surface roughness, edge uniformity;
2, fight: out on the ground fight, check the size accuracy, straight angle;
3, testing: the tiles on the back sprinkled with water, testing water absorption. into a good slow.
buy more than one brick, so that is not enough, Bahrain day one by one knock, check the hollowing .
tile Category:
tiles according to the function is divided into floor tiles, wall tiles and waist line tiles, etc..
tiles: divided by color imitation of Spanish tiles, tiles, glazed tiles, non-slip tiles and polished and so bleed.
wall: can be divided according to color glass wall, wall printing.
waist line tiles: mostly printing blocks. In line with the specifications of wall, waist line tiles would normally be set The format for the 60mmt200mm.
tiles according to the process is divided into: tile, whole body tiles, polished tiles, tiles, ceramic mosaic tiles.
glazed: refers to the brick surface layer of glazed brick burning. This brick divided into two categories: fired clay; other is to use clay firing, the current about 80% of home improvement buyers choose this brick surface decoration materials.
quintana bricks: This is a species are not glazed porcelain tiles, a very good slip resistance and wear resistance. generally called a polished, this tile is very hard, very wear resistant.
tiles: This is a high-temperature firing of the porcelain tile is a tile of the most hard.
ceramic mosaic tiles : also known as Mosaic, specifications, thin and small, hard, acid, alkali, wear impervious, work under pressure, not broken, colorful and diverse.
door
finished interior door: molded door is a factory molded, not easily deformed, the price is cheap, but feel badly, poor sound insulation. molded door is the most suitable as the door contaminated species, especially white contaminated, only the primer. giant into Shanghai's brand-name, quality, well, just last year to establish factory in Beijing Yizhuang production, monthly sales in more than 500, is re-molded door quality choice!! Masonite molded door of the boss is doing is the U.S. subsidiary of Masonite, the quality did not problem, but the basic you in giant into 5%.
door if you do, buy Daixinban, plus decorative panels (such as red beech, cherry, etc.), eye patch with putty, painted edible vegetable oil, Paint can be brush Huarun Qing. If a high level of decoration painter carpentry team let him do otherwise buy a product gate.
door Category:
MDF molded door: MDF molding a double-sided, hollow core doors, style single, low-grade.
Blockboard double bag door: semi-manual semi-mechanized production, the door core pine frame, two small wooden bread board, style single, flat gate-based, low-grade.
all solid wood mortise structure of the door: a simple mechanized production, all solid wood, with pine, iron fir, rowan, ash and other materials, the structure connecting the main door frame joints, inlaid door core, the market is in the high-end products. Since all solid wood reasons, so there are fatal defects in quality: door deformation, tenon joints cracking, core contraction Lu Bai.
solid wood doors: The mechanized assembly line production, the use of wood composite technology. the door with pine integration all kinds of valuable wood hidden inner edge, face cover all kinds of valuable wood veneer, wood line shape using a variety of precious wood, core with perforated particleboard and medium density fiberboard. long-lasting stability, deformation and cracking, appearance, and all solid wood as natural elegance, texture and style can be more choices, is in the high-end products.
flat, solid wood doors: door frame generally finger-fir or pine wood (a small amount of use of other timber), the middle part of the use of timber, or Use the same paper honeycomb molded door, MDF hot 5 per cent, the surface coating 0.3m0.6mm of solid wood veneer pressing, pressing twice due to the need to make door surface is very smooth, internal full adhesion, the fundamental cracking may not occur. The market is not purely on the flat, solid wood door, it is because if the entire door is wood, not only will lead to the door leaf deformation (the fill material will play the role of a counterweight, reduce the possibility of deformation). and make the weight of very heavy door, can not afford regular hinge.
modeling class solid wood doors: the market are mostly loaded plate structure, the curve of the coated veneer line shut Technology is only a few brand-name master the big factory, so many are using the wood on the market shut lines, so that eventually appeared door color, thus affecting the overall results. shape mostly door MDF door core, reducing the gate Core contraction led to the possibility of cracking, but the shape of the door or easy to crack contaminated.
door with a simple price list of various brands:
composite door (complete door package is installed, lock the price of harmony leaf): br> TATA: 1600 yuan; China Crane: 1300 yuan; Alexandra Kerry: T port than 1800, the reduction of another 150 flat; Holtz: All the T port, flat panel doors 1588, more than 2000 glass style doors ; including TATA, China Crane, Alexandra Kerry, Holtz is a sealed section free of charge. LG: 1300 yuan, 30 yuan encryption seals must add.
molded door (door plus door pocket price, excluding Lock Hop leaf): Fu Man door: 850 / set; Star Gate: 700 ~ 800 / set (but a lot of complaints online, said installation service is not good)
steel windows windows
conch good identification method: look inside The steel is not very thin, very thin on a bad note. rails can not be loose nor very astringent, to moderate, the most important thing is to be sealed. Conch card 88 Series: 260 casement window, sliding glass 240 single, single glass float 260, Shuangbo vacuum (middle pumping inert gas into the vacuum plus) 380, general Shuangbo 260, float Shuangbo 290,80 series and 88 series is basically a small 40 yuan / sq.
curtain rod again finish in the final pre-installed. curtains and curtain rods are free to sell come to measure curtains installed. so he loaded it all, no problem promising curtain, length, etc. will not drag on the ground, take off acquire a home, finished cleaning himself and then hang up.
sanitary toilet
benefits of buying and Wrigley. CR mirror with good quality; China Airlines hardware cheap and good quality; name race, extension to Yuba (Yuba including if the exhaust fan, should play wooden, Yuba need to take two FireWire) good quality and the price is slightly lower, with a warm and easy ventilation, 300 yuan; Canadian maple glass partition (bath house) and good quality. Faen Sha toilet is good, all more than 1,000. to drain: to buy a water seal, deodorant, deodorant Do not buy the cover, the buyer-shaped, not round cut tiles. Green Home Building Materials City of Hope (West Fourth Ring Qiaoxibeijiao clear four seasons) of water reform: Pilsa PPR good (aluminum tubes for a long time may be leaking at the interface), ceiling with Lvkou Ban, good value for money Chinese lion and dragon (lighted).
toilet comparison of the three series: whirlpool Comparison of quiet; dashed into the more traditional way, costs of water; spray more water-saving.
audience basin is divided into basins, basin and pedestal table. audience basin is the basin body embedded in the table below, from the do not see the edge of the basin on the table. This basin and are generally used in conjunction with marble or granite countertops. As the body in the basin the following table, so pay more attention to use the basin. the edge of the platform above the basin surface, so the emphasis on practical premise, the decorative effect is very important. Therefore, when the basin in the design of Taiwan, the manufacturers have to develop their potentials to produce some highly artistic products. pedestal is independent, and the basin below a body pillar supporting the . Sometimes these columns do not bear the weight of the basin, just to shelter the water pipes. generally used for smaller bathroom.
bathroom with a gas water heater or electric water heaters the best start to think clearly, if it is gas water heater to In the kitchen with water, electricity and improve gas pipelines, electric water heater if it is to be considered in the future on which corner of the bathroom (floor-standing vertically high thermal efficiency), of course, if there is really no place to put on a load-bearing walls can only stand in the the (sideways).
bathroom renovation construction procedure
1, water, electricity transformation and adjustment of the line (the bathroom wall where the line should be dredged to go for waterproof, waterproof paint brush to the slot, so even if Running water will not wet the future inside the walls); 2, Sheung Shui pipe should be replaced by underground pipe (with PPR pipe), to do after completing suppression test (to close the valve into your house water meter will need to suppression of the export pipeline sealed with plug, leaving only an import. and then import then suppressed in the machine, the so-called suppression machine is a simple hand pump, after hitting a certain pressure to persist for some time. specific pressure and The duration of pipe materials and the use of functions. such as: aluminum tube 6-8 kg ,0.5-1 hour, the pressure drop can be no greater than 0.1 kg) 3, the circuit according to the bathroom lamp and adjust the number and installation location ; 4, water and electricity reconstruction after passing inspection, the ceiling construction and fine wood decoration, installation of bath tub or make room; 5, bathtub installation, paving tiles wall tiles and tub skirt; 6, last, paving the ground and paint operations; 7, the wall construction is completed, install toilet and other sanitary ware and the sink to wash Union board equipment. In addition, make 1-meter waterproof shower wall 8, the non-shower walls 30 to 40 cm, the ground is all done.
Note : kitchen, bathroom riser treatment: do the shelf with light steel keel, cement board packet, plus galvanized wire, then tiling.
balcony balcony window of the marble shop
/ m; window-select a small stone Sands, black color, 130 / square meter, in the Western Union Stone (Yu Haiyuan area nearby) to buy.
ceiling first, then loaded racks, screws through the roof through the ceiling on the floor. rods, Ruby Brand, 3 Mega 2 meters, double pole cable, and two lifting rods respectively, 220 including installation (lighted).
ceiling with Lvkou Ban, Hua lion and dragon good value for money (lighted).
Note: racks must install before the install the balcony ceiling.
Kitchen:
how to choose the kitchen cabinet door
1, fire board door: fire Multi-plate door West board (thickness 18mm) posted double-sided fire board, veneer made after the Edge; as the door has irreplaceable advantages of other materials, there are hundreds of colors, can be arbitrary combinations, door size can be According to the kitchen structure to be unrestricted. It should be noted that the quality of Edge to Edge effects and directly affect the quality of the door, the German Rehau, Germany, are world-renowned brands are willing, are primary materials production, can be recycled, and has good texture, smooth, and so lead angle; Edge is generally made of recycled materials production, sometimes after the unglued edge phenomenon.
2, melamine finish door: family love of Germany board as the representative, as the door more competitive, the door has a bend, deformation, corrosion resistance and other advantages, a variety of colors. Currently, the domestic production of decorative panels to Lushuihe board as the representative of the indicators have reached international standards, is a good choice.
3, brushed metal door: modern technology of metal materials, presenting a bold avant-garde temperament. the surface by special oxidation, fine brushed polished, dense protective layer formed on the surface, with excellent wear, fire, corrosion resistance. delicate texture, easy to clean, long life. metallic color is never backward. calm temperament to trouble the kitchen cool life experience.
4, box-type door: frame material is MDF, outsourcing PVC, core board for the German love of adornment board or fire board, the cabinet company's own reprocessing stitching; the door embodies a contemporary, modern people ideal.
5, plastic door plastic door is very mature in Europe, but also a very popular kitchen cabinet material, but PVC plastic door is now made very pass, the current German and South Korean high-light matt plastic door panels are very popular.
6, solid wood door: solid wood door made up less than the current production process because the existence of deformation, easy to dry, rough surface and so on. suggested Germany or Italy, imported solid wood door. < br> 7, the glass door aluminum door frame: it reflects a modern, currently very popular in the entire kitchen cabinet set off from the role, the delicate texture of mosaic glass, long Changxin.
8, paint door: material : core board is MDF, the surface after six imported baking spray paint (three at the end, two faces, one light). Performance: DuPont gorgeous piano door bright color, excellent water resistance, dirt capacity, easy to clean, that customers prefer a style, but the drawback is that if a case of damage, but very difficult to repair, to total replacement. prone to chromatic aberration.
how to judge the quality of the cabinet to see Edge: Large manufacturers use modern equipment, the use of high temperature and pressure sealing, sealing after the appearance of clean, strong, chamfered smooth, long-term use to avoid moisture damage on the cabinet.
see hardware accessories: a good cabinet is a cabinet hardware accessories and body, the perfect combination of doors, open and close freely when in use, no noise, can stand on the million damage to the switch without distortion.
cabinet board formaldehyde emission standards to be used man-made board, and artificial stone countertops and stainless steel for the better choice.
cabinet design experience: multi-functional cutting board; so heavy appliances cleverly hidden; all the glass cabinets are shock, Zhuojiao is circular, the handle with smooth, strong streamlined; fume extraction sensor lights on the machine is also very ; the advantages of artificial stone cabinet table is greater than the other materials.
Sai Luoke cabinets good, I like BLUELOVER and Venice Gardens series, there are not many silver special election is also very good series, if to organize a group purchase even more affordable, and hardware are imported, the price is high. and it's free measurement and design.
Sink: Moen full scrub, good care, the size of tank (big wash pots and pans small washing fruits), high bending lead (easy to put high-pot) package 943 yuan. Franke sink is a good, professional, but a good leader is a Moen.
kitchen renovation in order:
1 , the construction team approach, about the draft cabinet cabinet designers, location of water, power position; 2, buy the kitchen hood, stove, water heater, pots and other vegetables; 3, the kitchen wall and floor tiles stick better, ceiling completed, and then about a specific design of the designer (the hood, stove, water heater, Farm sink, microwave ovens , refrigerator the size of such offers), signed a contract to install; 4, the end fitting about the cabinet installation. Tel; 133-11315396
ceiling with Lvkou Ban, cost-effective Chinese lion and dragon good (lighted).
Nippon Paint
triple: require the state legislature back cover of 5170 oil primer, then painted triple the state legislature. triple preferably not diluted.
recommendations Dulux wall paint with a second-generation 5-one, with the best price may Lai (170-180/5 L, can brush 40 square meters 2 times the wall area is calculated according to the ground by 3.5), one of the ice blue with 5 bedrooms very beautiful. patch within the insulation wall, other walls are not stickers, Dacron on the line, Si Gebu better.
Nippon paint the top of the United States was Korea, also known as ultra-white, 120 / barrel. cheap effect, legislation State Fee paint, Dulux Province paint (about the amount of difference more than doubled); force state hard brush, Dulux good brush; VIKING difficult patch, Dulux good repair.
water putty can not not shave, use it again interface agent, then disclosure Home scraping Beijing Plains get insurance, paint the end of 2 1 surface, not necessarily because the wall is flat.
paint brush better than good, but the amount of paint 15% larger than the brush, so Spray your brush decoration company than 3-5 yuan / square meter.
edible vegetable oil and contaminated wood are all that paint, brush transparent paint, exposed wood qualities of the edible vegetable oil, also known as varnish; covered timber qualities, colors, paint brushes Tu is contaminated.
to shop composite wood floor, install wooden doors, and wall paint brush last time, so that the wall will not get flowers. generally only patch the wall (usually Dacron cloth), mainly crack .
decor: white mixed oil (preferably white spray contaminated, or are printed and brush hair brush), edible vegetable oil (Thailand Teak) ** Wood (recommended cherry , walnut (too expensive), maple, beech has been unpopular, close to the black walnut, maple close to white), varnishes (8 times). do Contaminated more expensive than edible vegetable oil, contaminated on the grade. If there is a cherry or maple beech wood, with warm colors better; if it is walnut and other dark, and white together is better. beech wood almost the color contrast, the price is 1 cherry / 3.
contaminated suitable for young people, neat, cooling off in vain, so I would like to use light blue or light green, will increase the interior space and increases the brightness, the decoration style of Contaminated or beech wood to do to save material fees, gated cheap molded door (less Daixinban, almost no carpentry.) mixed with even a clear effect. Contaminated There are 3 ways: 1, polyester paint finish (CRC is good, should be a set, a set of three barrels, a bucket of paint, thinner barrel, a barrel of cured paint ) good (primer with lacquer, such as lacquer to dry and then brush poly varnish), brushing 3 times, will not lightly yellow .2, .3,8 polyester paint brush 4 times over the lacquer (because it is thinner than the polyester paint, volatile). edible vegetable oil varnish with a good CRC (in the decorative panel polished brush 3 times). White contaminated with copper hinge good. Note: Love is a series of CRC.
process is divided into edible vegetable oil and wood painting wood painting process contaminated
can be divided into two kinds of edible vegetable oil and contaminated. edible vegetable oil process is, the better lines in the wood surface painted wood varnish, the operation is completed, you can still clearly see the wood texture, there is a natural feeling. Contaminated process is means that workers in the wood surface to make the necessary processing (such as repair nail holes, playing sandpaper, putty) after the color of the wood surface painted with opaque paint.
background color and not on two:
not on the background of edible vegetable oil, is the painter who completed treatment in the wood surface after brushing varnish directly on the wood surface, this result can basically reflect the wood surface lines and the original color, a stronger sense of reality; but this process can not solve the wood surface treatment color changes, and scarring the surface of wood and other defects in the wood itself.
on the background of the the painter who is the construction team during the construction, first do a good job painting a model, allowing customers to choose according to their color preferences; or customers own soft spot for some of the color of wood, can also require people to produce their own paint model painter ; painter to do background on the wood surface (oil color or color), in the background and dry finish after a good brushing according to pre-agreed number of times the paint requirements, brushing the surface of the paint in the timber until the completion of the entire process.
contaminated process has long been in use, stylish and out of date without the points, the difference is technological progress. This method can give more color painted wood, is decorated with more personalized options .
present, decoration, mixed oil paint can be used many different types, we used to use mainly alkyd, or nitro-mixed paint mixed paint, and now for many species, the polyester and the like, water-based paint.
almost. because it is almost two paint production technology, the biggest difference is that the paint is mixed with varnish to add the color in it.
Experts suggest that your designer with the design of the edible vegetable oil and the use of contaminated, perhaps with better results. putty to do Contaminated, transparent putty to do edible vegetable oil, according to the actual use.
color paint and white paint is the same price, if is a white wall will need to fine furniture and decorations to match, there will be a very laborious feeling, than choose the color of the wall. in the selection of furniture, wall color the color to consider. furniture yellow, white, wall choice of light colors. furniture dark, dark gray wall color can not be used, otherwise there is no spirit of the room.
enlarge
cool colors make the room a bluish color are cool colors, the colors are warm reddish tone. cool colors more than the warm feeling of distance. slightly larger living room space with a relatively bright colors make the space more compact; and cool colors make the room look more spacious.
radiator:
bedroom: curve Radiator better reflect the quiet atmosphere of the bedroom. flowing lines reminiscent of the flowing sheet music, came from the warmth of the music like a beautiful melody to sleep with you.
bathroom: the toilet space is limited, as a kinds of trends, the simple design of the modern bathroom is being accepted by more and more people. removed the bathroom door cumbersome, and replaced with glass partition or simply do nothing, then moved to the dresser. Therefore, small footprint in particular, thin shape of the radiator, which is the first choice for the bathroom.
living room: living room design is often more daring, bold attempt to red, yellow or blue and white colors, the whole room filled with a unique vitality. Long Star
good radiator, radiator Ann lower, conducive to heat and thermal cycling, if the election never too ugly aluminum prices cheaper than steel, as well as insurance premiums, an average of 31 / square meter. renovating removed Old Heating, ready interface, the last time left before the installation of wall paint, such as directly on the floor to the floor after the Puwan; does not matter if the wall is.
Furniture: Green Code, Sofia's wardrobe is good, in the Mingguang buy. melamine board of environmental protection, with its veneer of mid-range or more brands in general use particleboard, and solid wood veneer used mostly MDF (such as Noah's family, Di.) trimetazidine, Connaught McNair with the import of Love home plate, Novo Jie little odor, only the white beech and gray drawing both options is the hundred best use particleboard.
Health benefits of inter-
ware to buy U.S. targets. Resources for the mirror good quality; China Airlines cheap and good quality hardware; name race, extension to Yuba (Yuba including exhaust fans if should play wooden, Yuba need to take two FireWire) good quality and the price is slightly lower, with a warm and ventilation convenience, 300 yuan; Add maple glass partition (bath house) and good quality. Faen Sha good toilet, are more than 1,000. to drain: to buy a water seal, deodorant, deodorant Do not buy the cover, the buyer-shaped, not round good cut brick. Green Home Building Materials City of Hope (West Fourth Ring Qiaoxibeijiao clear four seasons) of . ground leveling and water (labor and materials) are typically 15 / m and 60 / square meter.
water reform: Pilsa PPR good (aluminum tubes for a long time may be leaking at the interface), ceiling with Lvkou Ban , Chinese lion and dragon good value for money (lighted).
toilet three series comparison: compare whirlpool quiet; dashed into the more traditional way, costs of water; spray more water-saving.
basin is divided into Under Counter Basin, Counter Basin and Pedestal. audience basin is the basin body embedded in the table below, from the basin can not see the edge of the counter. this basin and are generally used in conjunction with marble or granite countertops. As the body basin In the table below, so pay more attention to use the basin. the edge of the platform above the basin surface, so the premise of the focus on practical, decorative effect is very important. Therefore, when the basin in the design of Taiwan, the manufacturers have to develop their potentials, to produce Some highly artistic products. pedestal is independent, and the basin below the body of a matching post. Sometimes these columns do not bear the weight of the basin, just to shelter the water pipes. generally used for smaller bathroom .
bathroom with a gas water heater or electric water heaters the best start to think clearly, if it is gas water heater in the kitchen with water, electricity and improve gas pipelines, electric water heater if it is to be considered in the future on which corner of the bathroom (vertically high thermal efficiency of floor-standing), of course, no place to put if it can only stand in the load-bearing walls on the (sideways).
bathroom renovation construction procedure
1, water, electricity transformation and adjustment of the line (Trench bathroom wall where the alignment should be waterproof, waterproof paint brush to the slot, so even if the water does not wet the next run inside the walls); 2, Sheung Shui pipe should be replaced by underground pipe (with PPR pipe), to do after completing suppression test (to close the valve into your house water meter, the pipeline will need to suppress the use of the export plug sealed, leaving only an import. and then suppressed in the import of machines, the so-called suppress the machine is a simple hand pump, after hitting a certain pressure to persist for some time. specific pressure and duration of pipe materials and the use of functions. such as: aluminum tube 6-8 kg ,0.5-1 hour pressure drop to less than 0.1 kg) 3, the circuit according to the number of bathrooms and installation of complete electrical position adjustments; 4, water and electricity reconstruction after passing inspection, the ceiling construction and fine wood decoration, installation of bath tub or make room; 5 bathtub installation, tiling wall tiles ...
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Dollar a day hanging Cashfiesta Internet advertising companies make the best Wangzhuan
Internet hook make every advertising dollar Cashfiesta Wangzhuan best online tools for a long time
one, on the Cashfiesta
Company Profile: The company is a Berkeley, California, the emerging companies engaged in Internet advertising business, is and the strength of Explore Technologies Inc Merger and the service has no time limit, the International users pay the minimum amount of $ 50, do not charge fees, the monthly 10 dollars. the amount of settlement as long as you reach 50 dollars, the company address will automatically send confirmation letters to you, after the company confirmed it will send the check. credibility is absolutely reliable! it ranked the top three online advertising company, the complaint has not yet been friends ever!
as long as its registered members Internet access on one side, the side of the player sent from the company's advertising, according to the Internet can obtain a certain length of time paid. The current pay rate is $ 1.666 per 1,000 (capped 1.666, multiple number of posts, the development of the next 6 months line can be capped, and the general membership can cap), which will be paid over 50 dollars, and replaced approximately RMB 7.5 yuan per hour than part-time at McDonald's an hour more pay, but no upper limit for the length of time
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Login: fill in your user name to be registered (for example, I: veky176)
password: (fill in your password (at least 4 characters, the distinction between case)
Verify password: (repeat password)
First name: (used to check the ID card to get the names, habits of foreigners after the former surname. For example: the name on your ID card is Wang Jialiang , complete with phonetic in this column jialiang)
Last name: (your name on the ID card, for example: your real name is Wang Jialiang, complete with phonetic in this column wang)
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Zip / Postal Code: (Zip Code)
State: (U.S. state residence, the Chinese select [Not Selected])
Province: (Please fill in your province of residence )
Country: (nationality, select china, are all Chinese now)
E-Mail Address: (to receive the letter of the mailbox, to be filled out correctly Oh! because of the need for email confirmation to complete the registration!) < br> Verify E-Mail Address: (check mail, then fill it again)
Old e-mail address: (the blank)
Year of birth: (your birth year)
Gender: (Sex, Male Male, Female Female)
Education: (level of education, can be readily selected)
Annual household income: (your income)
Industry: (can be any kind, but some of them can not be registered, such as registration can not change the other)
Title: (can choose either)
check again after filling (except the Name and Referrer, the other can be modified later), click the to be registered. If ERROR is the error term have not check out or is not that of incorrectly filled, and then confirm
up a successful start to the next step can check the website to install the banner (this is the tool to save money )
Click Download Fiestabar
software to download and install a small, Thunder download a few seconds to install OK after the end of the
, Cashfiesta.exe file on the desktop and the toolbar will appear at the same time look like a green $ icon, then you have installed successfully!
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3, banner ads using the profile:
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2,000-4,999 barpoints 1,000 points 5,000-9,999 barpoints 2,000 points 10,000-19,999 barpoints 4,000 points
20,000-29,999 barpoints 6,000 points More than 30,000 barpoints 7,000 points
7, 1000 points per U.S. dollar exchange rate
ordinary members (ie you do not have partners in the development of the case off the assembly line) the conversion rate for every 1000 points is $ 0.010, while the maximum conversion per 1000 points ratio of up to $ 1.666),
number of different partners, each of 1000 points off the assembly line exchange rates are as follows:
0mmm $ 0.010 1mmm $ 0.040 2mmm $ 0.333 3mmm $ 0.500
4mmm $ 0.660 5mmm $ 0.830 6mmm $ 1.000 Gold Member mmm $ 1.666
CashFiesta monthly payments, starting pay $ 50, less than the to the next month.
seven, on the offline analysis:
off the assembly line is a positive development and their own banner ads and more important as the Internet to open a major event!! available an example, suppose you develop a three off the assembly line, each off the assembly line and developed a three off the assembly line, you and all your downline 1 hour per day online, then your monthly income? hh321 dollars. Of course, this only theoretical data, not so much really can not see your personal efforts. because so much to build a downline network is take your time and perseverance. development off the assembly line is simple, in your valid registration after this system will automatically give you the ability to develop off the assembly line, you only pay attention to the prerequisite to develop off the assembly line is a person of your own downline, if you are registered in the Referred by: a column fill in the blank, or blind filling together, then Sorry, you are unable to develop off the assembly line, the revolution can only rely on ourselves was hard :(... Yeah. So I remind you once again, Referred by: a column should be careful not to change. and then recommend you take this article The registered address
Specifically, each member can develop 8-layer winding, you can get 15% from the first layer of number of points obtained from the second floor of 7% points, from the third floor to the fifth floor received 5% of the points obtained from the sixth floor of 3% points, obtained from the eighth floor of 1% points. Suppose you developed a three off the assembly line, and each has developed a three off the assembly line off the assembly line, you and All your offline 1 hour per day online, then you have $ 2,321 of monthly income. Remember the power of a person famous phrase is limited, the power of the people is endless!! people we Wangju strength for us now!!
Now the domestic Bank of China and China Merchants Bank can be used to cash the check you received to a number of fee income figure up
point exchange ratio of gold members 1,000 points = $ 1.666
(1) how to become a Gold Member?
A: meet three conditions:
① monthly accumulation of 133 points or more in total (including 133 points) Gold Member of the points.
② each more than 6 months up for special offers (with 6).
③ total of 10,000 points or more monthly special offers incentives (ie, when each Special Offer up your reward points).
meet the above three conditions can become gold members.
(2) How to Gold Member accumulated points?
A: There are 7 kinds of ways.
① daily adware more than 30 minutes grew by 1 gold points.
② partners from the downline members every day by more than 100 points at the points 1 point growth in the gold points. (so to recommend to as many people, but it is also good for others).
③ According to the first layer of your The number of offline partners, reward end of each month to give you up to 15 points Gold Points.
④ all off the assembly line according to your number of partners, each at the end of incentives to give you up to 15 points Gold Points.
⑤ According to You New development on the first floor off the assembly line the number of partners, you end up 15 points awarded to the gold points.
⑥ new development this month, according to you all the referrals the number of partners, at the end of incentives to give you up to 15 points Gold Points .
⑦ this month, according to your partners in the development of new downline members rate, Cashfiesta company will award or deduct points for your gold.
you are at least two months to confirm the results of your efforts! because cashfiest system and The offer you sign up to nearly two months to be confirmed!! hope you work, you will be rewarded!!!
Note: new members of points on the banner is not 1000 when the U.S. dollar exchange one U.S. dollar but $ 0.01, need to upgrade Member Level Register speicial offer! as long as you are careful, the registration process is very simple!
Note: do not over cheating, or more harm than good
blocked account must adhere to more than one month ah! you will see surprises every day can use the tool bar to at least half an hour
more tips, - a very meager income is not up for offer!
new members the number of points on the banner is not 1000 when the U.S. dollar exchange one U.S. dollar, you need to upgrade Member Level: up more than six cases offer a way to see six cases).
The following example shows how to up offer:
1: Special Offers every month to require registration of six, recorded only six more. up with your registered e-mail to and consistent with this toolbar is very important At that time the company is determined to use e-mail address to get your registration
2: banner ads you can right-click anywhere on the pop-up menu, select Settings / Account / Balance your statement of account will appear, the top three button, point Special Offers Available button, you can register to display the Offer, will be displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.
3: If you think not enough, you can also log Cashfiesta, click on Special Offers Available button, and then Select the bottom left corner All Offers, into the bottom after the start up from the page, because the more points below the less, the more likely to be successful!
many offer credit card is required: Valid credit card is required. or NETeller or credit card required. Credit card required or are to be credit card, you can apply for a credit card. I do not how how to do card? general points such offer is higher, more difficult to register. we can find some of the low points offer up here a few columns registered a relatively easy to offer, and are completely free (free for all, we can note that when registering to find standard that says free for all, no card required), no card, oh, we carefully fill in as long as it wants, more than a little patience, a filling does not change it again, I offer these basic are registered, no big problem, that is, less points, but got enough 6 can be, and if you can successfully registered tens of thousands of sites that offer words may also wish to highlight the experience of Oh.
also up there after the success of the confirmation process, not on your banner directly reflected in the number of points, to the end of the month is usually about 1-20 in your account balance position in order to fully and accurately shows your income, you need a little patience.
add a few points:
1, the initial registration can Special Offer from the beginning few points more easily. points more than the general is not free. up better.
2, some up always prompt Special Offer registration number.
3, Offer a one-time up there, not after the show. Some are one-time registration, account has always existed, but whether to Cashfiesta feedback after your registration information, it might not be. < br> Click to enter All Offers, and there's a lot of companies do not need to register a credit card! and the first worldwide to be registered.
, for the successful registration of the offer, but also requires a feedback process, Cashfiesta companies every month Results one account, check out the statistics when it is your special offer, and sometimes may even be up for the special offer last month was recorded in the case next month. so only to check out, you just know How much of your special offer. over a month or two you will be clear.
special offer successful registration, in the SETTINGS-ACCOUNT-BALANCE-Statistics-Current Month-Points from Special Offers: There are specific offer points in the . or in the SETTINGS-ACCOUNT-BALANCE-Statistics-Last Month-Points from Special Offers: offer a specific number of points in there.
special offer is constantly changing. so it is necessary to find their own right. Some require a monthly special offer up time, some only need to register once. If you have time to suggest you take a look at the letter they sent to you, take a look a look on those sites can be.
suggestion: have landed Cashfiesta beginning of each month, the view can be registered the Special Offers, regardless of previous registration may have to try again. and some will be prompted to account already exists, can no longer registered. they would be to sum up what is not or can not be registered.
how successfully registered Offer < br> First, the mail is very important:
1, and all the best in English suffix can receive email messages Cashfiesta (here I recommend the English Yahoo). If the mailbox is not good, a lot of free Offer can not be registered, it prompts you at registration pay attention to what you come up the Offer Website, in accordance with its links to every 2-3 days with your registered user name and password to visit their web site, or simply to point you to the mail hyperlink Tourist look at their website, which can greatly enhance the success rate of Offer up.
3, do not reject these messages, you have to regularly clean up your mailbox, so that my mailbox has space to receive the junk mail.
II , the registration process is also important:
must ensure that the premise of the Cashfiesta landing, with its point of Sing up to guide the premise registration. Once registered, Cashfiesta Offer first received your registration information, can be a Last Month Reports column on the left line of view. up there in the end the website Offer Cashfiesta response to your registration information? Once the reaction, even if you successfully registered, you can Special Offers Done Richard column. But to let you register Offer Site response to Cashfiesta information you register, so often when you register with a user name and password to visit their web site is to be your friends! Many Offer site because you just to get his points but not often go to visit, he will look you are registered as invalid.
About Gold Member:
(1) how to become a Gold Member?
A: meet three conditions:
① monthly accumulation of 133 points or more in total (including 133 points) Gold membership points.
② month, up more than 6 special offers (with 6).
③ total of 10,000 points or more monthly special offers incentives (ie, when the awards each up Special Offer give you the points).
meet the above three conditions can become a Gold Member:
1.666USD is to be done to achieve the gold members only! ordinary members is only 0.010USD per thousand points, there up a special task you will soar a thousand points 0.04USD, the two projects will soar to 0.333USD, three, then there 0.5USD, four have 0.66USD, 0.83 have five, six have 1USD per thousand points, you should now understand why a liar who friends said Cashifiesta company, right? he was just up for an account, do not do other things, just ordinary members only! I do not know you intelligibility in English? do not know English words Kingsoft give you a hand with it.
Note: new members of points on the banner is not 1000 when the U.S. dollar exchange one U.S. dollar but the $ 0.01 level required for members to register special offer! as long as you are careful, the registration process is very simple!
Gold Member $ 1.666
Note: Do not cheat, or blocked accounts worth the candle!
example: repeat with the same mailbox up Cashfiesta;
open automatically shift software;
Cashfiesta is not allowed to an account password by several machines in the same time landed!
six, troubleshooting
Question 1. to get how many points per hour?
A: Cashfiesta a group of ads every 2 minutes, 10 per minute points, one point is accurate to 6 seconds, 600 points per hour.
Question 2. the end of how to apply for payment? how to get my real RMB cash it?
A: When the account balance sufficient payments to the condition of the assets Table appears to apply payment button.
after we receive the U.S. dollar checks, can go to the local county level and above ask you to open a U.S. dollar account, you can go to the bank for a month later if the money arrived, if arrive, the U.S. dollar into RMB or you can freely dispose of.
the form of making money online is concerned, the participants do not Any organization or individual required to pay any fees; see from the revenue sources, there is no physical commodities trading behavior, your personal income is essentially advertising fees entirely another form of distribution. think about it, the original area to invest in traditional communication (radio newspapers, television, etc.) the huge advertising costs, through this new media, online advertising paid directly to the consumer himself, and thus receive better publicity, not a good thing? participants to make money on the Internet is concerned, his future to buy goods, the average real price has been effectively reduced, and this reduction in commodity prices is not as some kind of pyramid scheme that only very specific products, but average. So now you see the network Ad he paid to understand you well.
from now see if you can use the shortest time to reach 1,000 points over a dollar.
one, on the Cashfiesta
Company Profile: The company is a Berkeley, California, the emerging companies engaged in Internet advertising business, is and the strength of Explore Technologies Inc Merger and the service has no time limit, the International users pay the minimum amount of $ 50, do not charge fees, the monthly 10 dollars. the amount of settlement as long as you reach 50 dollars, the company address will automatically send confirmation letters to you, after the company confirmed it will send the check. credibility is absolutely reliable! it ranked the top three online advertising company, the complaint has not yet been friends ever!
as long as its registered members Internet access on one side, the side of the player sent from the company's advertising, according to the Internet can obtain a certain length of time paid. The current pay rate is $ 1.666 per 1,000 (capped 1.666, multiple number of posts, the development of the next 6 months line can be capped, and the general membership can cap), which will be paid over 50 dollars, and replaced approximately RMB 7.5 yuan per hour than part-time at McDonald's an hour more pay, but no upper limit for the length of time
The more time you are online the more money, and now if I open the computer on the network to open its banner, has earn a good monthly income. Moreover, it does not account for even more memory, CPU, and only place in your desktop. Friends let us calculate, cashfiesta a group of ads every 2 minutes per hour 600points point, if you can line 10 hours a day, you can have 6,000 points, 1,000 points for each dollar the price difference from the equivalent 0.01 --- $ 1.66 Your ten minutes this time to slowly read the following print clearly! you can Do not write in Chinese yo:
Login: fill in your user name to be registered (for example, I: veky176)
password: (fill in your password (at least 4 characters, the distinction between case)
Verify password: (repeat password)
First name: (used to check the ID card to get the names, habits of foreigners after the former surname. For example: the name on your ID card is Wang Jialiang , complete with phonetic in this column jialiang)
Last name: (your name on the ID card, for example: your real name is Wang Jialiang, complete with phonetic in this column wang)
Street Address: (your address, you can use Pinyin, used by foreigners, from small to upper case clear, at least to understand the Chinese postman, such as Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, Zhongshan Road No. 3, as the No.3, ZhongShan Road, Guangzhou, GuangDong)
City: ( city of residence, for example: BeiJing Beijing)
Zip / Postal Code: (Zip Code)
State: (U.S. state residence, the Chinese select [Not Selected])
Province: (Please fill in your province of residence )
Country: (nationality, select china, are all Chinese now)
E-Mail Address: (to receive the letter of the mailbox, to be filled out correctly Oh! because of the need for email confirmation to complete the registration!) < br> Verify E-Mail Address: (check mail, then fill it again)
Old e-mail address: (the blank)
Year of birth: (your birth year)
Gender: (Sex, Male Male, Female Female)
Education: (level of education, can be readily selected)
Annual household income: (your income)
Industry: (can be any kind, but some of them can not be registered, such as registration can not change the other)
Title: (can choose either)
check again after filling (except the Name and Referrer, the other can be modified later), click the to be registered. If ERROR is the error term have not check out or is not that of incorrectly filled, and then confirm
up a successful start to the next step can check the website to install the banner (this is the tool to save money )
Click Download Fiestabar
software to download and install a small, Thunder download a few seconds to install OK after the end of the
, Cashfiesta.exe file on the desktop and the toolbar will appear at the same time look like a green $ icon, then you have installed successfully!
⑤, start Cashfiesta.exe, login dialog box appears, enter your registered , and patiently wait for a while there are ad gets here, Advertising the mouse into the area, the left little man began to walk in situ, the $ symbol on the task bar from red to green. If you see this, then congratulations, it have begun to make money for you.
3, banner ads using the profile:
①, banner top left Home, can access the home page, CashFiesta POINTS, the number of points to show their income, Referrals, show their number of other off the assembly line. banner left corner of the villain in the move, said in charge, if villain stopped, please click the villain with the cursor, move it.
②, Note: When the banner is open , lower right corner of computer screen displays a bar starts $ icon, when it is green, that is earning in the billing .- ($ icon on the taskbar is green) every 15 minutes, $ icon is red .- stop earning ($ icon on the taskbar is red) to sit down villains in the banner ads when you move the mouse, then bad people will clap his hands to stand up to go, if not click on banner ads on mobile mouse. villain to go if we should go to banner ads click him and let him return to the banner on the left, or will not continue to place ads. Tip: When the villain edges arrived in advertising, the click of a mouse in front of him in the villain immediately go back, time will not exceed 5 seconds.
③, and set about the operation of the software is relatively simple, what you can find their own way. And in fact, there are many ways to earn cashfiesta of such games earn, earn up points, and so many ways Oh! When you registered after digging it up themselves to the site!
incentives to encourage members to actively use the banner, cashfiesta company recently introduced incentives two different directions:
①, offline auto growth measures: If the Member at any time villains continuous uninterrupted run out of 300 points (the same red icon the U.S. dollar to maintain the green) is a reward in an off the assembly line, (the award to reach a certain degree of difficulty, need some patience, I probably get more than 10 times a month, if patient's friends, but also in a good time to network conditions. You can try)
②, directly to the points incentives, if every month a certain number of points and give the corresponding reward:
2,000-4,999 barpoints 1,000 points 5,000-9,999 barpoints 2,000 points 10,000-19,999 barpoints 4,000 points
20,000-29,999 barpoints 6,000 points More than 30,000 barpoints 7,000 points
7, 1000 points per U.S. dollar exchange rate
ordinary members (ie you do not have partners in the development of the case off the assembly line) the conversion rate for every 1000 points is $ 0.010, while the maximum conversion per 1000 points ratio of up to $ 1.666),
number of different partners, each of 1000 points off the assembly line exchange rates are as follows:
0mmm $ 0.010 1mmm $ 0.040 2mmm $ 0.333 3mmm $ 0.500
4mmm $ 0.660 5mmm $ 0.830 6mmm $ 1.000 Gold Member mmm $ 1.666
CashFiesta monthly payments, starting pay $ 50, less than the to the next month.
seven, on the offline analysis:
off the assembly line is a positive development and their own banner ads and more important as the Internet to open a major event!! available an example, suppose you develop a three off the assembly line, each off the assembly line and developed a three off the assembly line, you and all your downline 1 hour per day online, then your monthly income? hh321 dollars. Of course, this only theoretical data, not so much really can not see your personal efforts. because so much to build a downline network is take your time and perseverance. development off the assembly line is simple, in your valid registration after this system will automatically give you the ability to develop off the assembly line, you only pay attention to the prerequisite to develop off the assembly line is a person of your own downline, if you are registered in the Referred by: a column fill in the blank, or blind filling together, then Sorry, you are unable to develop off the assembly line, the revolution can only rely on ourselves was hard :(... Yeah. So I remind you once again, Referred by: a column should be careful not to change. and then recommend you take this article The registered address
Specifically, each member can develop 8-layer winding, you can get 15% from the first layer of number of points obtained from the second floor of 7% points, from the third floor to the fifth floor received 5% of the points obtained from the sixth floor of 3% points, obtained from the eighth floor of 1% points. Suppose you developed a three off the assembly line, and each has developed a three off the assembly line off the assembly line, you and All your offline 1 hour per day online, then you have $ 2,321 of monthly income. Remember the power of a person famous phrase is limited, the power of the people is endless!! people we Wangju strength for us now!!
Now the domestic Bank of China and China Merchants Bank can be used to cash the check you received to a number of fee income figure up
point exchange ratio of gold members 1,000 points = $ 1.666
(1) how to become a Gold Member?
A: meet three conditions:
① monthly accumulation of 133 points or more in total (including 133 points) Gold Member of the points.
② each more than 6 months up for special offers (with 6).
③ total of 10,000 points or more monthly special offers incentives (ie, when each Special Offer up your reward points).
meet the above three conditions can become gold members.
(2) How to Gold Member accumulated points?
A: There are 7 kinds of ways.
① daily adware more than 30 minutes grew by 1 gold points.
② partners from the downline members every day by more than 100 points at the points 1 point growth in the gold points. (so to recommend to as many people, but it is also good for others).
③ According to the first layer of your The number of offline partners, reward end of each month to give you up to 15 points Gold Points.
④ all off the assembly line according to your number of partners, each at the end of incentives to give you up to 15 points Gold Points.
⑤ According to You New development on the first floor off the assembly line the number of partners, you end up 15 points awarded to the gold points.
⑥ new development this month, according to you all the referrals the number of partners, at the end of incentives to give you up to 15 points Gold Points .
⑦ this month, according to your partners in the development of new downline members rate, Cashfiesta company will award or deduct points for your gold.
you are at least two months to confirm the results of your efforts! because cashfiest system and The offer you sign up to nearly two months to be confirmed!! hope you work, you will be rewarded!!!
Note: new members of points on the banner is not 1000 when the U.S. dollar exchange one U.S. dollar but $ 0.01, need to upgrade Member Level Register speicial offer! as long as you are careful, the registration process is very simple!
Note: do not over cheating, or more harm than good
blocked account must adhere to more than one month ah! you will see surprises every day can use the tool bar to at least half an hour
more tips, - a very meager income is not up for offer!
new members the number of points on the banner is not 1000 when the U.S. dollar exchange one U.S. dollar, you need to upgrade Member Level: up more than six cases offer a way to see six cases).
The following example shows how to up offer:
1: Special Offers every month to require registration of six, recorded only six more. up with your registered e-mail to and consistent with this toolbar is very important At that time the company is determined to use e-mail address to get your registration
2: banner ads you can right-click anywhere on the pop-up menu, select Settings / Account / Balance your statement of account will appear, the top three button, point Special Offers Available button, you can register to display the Offer, will be displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.
3: If you think not enough, you can also log Cashfiesta, click on Special Offers Available button, and then Select the bottom left corner All Offers, into the bottom after the start up from the page, because the more points below the less, the more likely to be successful!
many offer credit card is required: Valid credit card is required. or NETeller or credit card required. Credit card required or are to be credit card, you can apply for a credit card. I do not how how to do card? general points such offer is higher, more difficult to register. we can find some of the low points offer up here a few columns registered a relatively easy to offer, and are completely free (free for all, we can note that when registering to find standard that says free for all, no card required), no card, oh, we carefully fill in as long as it wants, more than a little patience, a filling does not change it again, I offer these basic are registered, no big problem, that is, less points, but got enough 6 can be, and if you can successfully registered tens of thousands of sites that offer words may also wish to highlight the experience of Oh.
also up there after the success of the confirmation process, not on your banner directly reflected in the number of points, to the end of the month is usually about 1-20 in your account balance position in order to fully and accurately shows your income, you need a little patience.
add a few points:
1, the initial registration can Special Offer from the beginning few points more easily. points more than the general is not free. up better.
2, some up always prompt Special Offer registration number.
3, Offer a one-time up there, not after the show. Some are one-time registration, account has always existed, but whether to Cashfiesta feedback after your registration information, it might not be. < br> Click to enter All Offers, and there's a lot of companies do not need to register a credit card! and the first worldwide to be registered.
, for the successful registration of the offer, but also requires a feedback process, Cashfiesta companies every month Results one account, check out the statistics when it is your special offer, and sometimes may even be up for the special offer last month was recorded in the case next month. so only to check out, you just know How much of your special offer. over a month or two you will be clear.
special offer successful registration, in the SETTINGS-ACCOUNT-BALANCE-Statistics-Current Month-Points from Special Offers: There are specific offer points in the . or in the SETTINGS-ACCOUNT-BALANCE-Statistics-Last Month-Points from Special Offers: offer a specific number of points in there.
special offer is constantly changing. so it is necessary to find their own right. Some require a monthly special offer up time, some only need to register once. If you have time to suggest you take a look at the letter they sent to you, take a look a look on those sites can be.
suggestion: have landed Cashfiesta beginning of each month, the view can be registered the Special Offers, regardless of previous registration may have to try again. and some will be prompted to account already exists, can no longer registered. they would be to sum up what is not or can not be registered.
how successfully registered Offer < br> First, the mail is very important:
1, and all the best in English suffix can receive email messages Cashfiesta (here I recommend the English Yahoo). If the mailbox is not good, a lot of free Offer can not be registered, it prompts you at registration pay attention to what you come up the Offer Website, in accordance with its links to every 2-3 days with your registered user name and password to visit their web site, or simply to point you to the mail hyperlink Tourist look at their website, which can greatly enhance the success rate of Offer up.
3, do not reject these messages, you have to regularly clean up your mailbox, so that my mailbox has space to receive the junk mail.
II , the registration process is also important:
must ensure that the premise of the Cashfiesta landing, with its point of Sing up to guide the premise registration. Once registered, Cashfiesta Offer first received your registration information, can be a Last Month Reports column on the left line of view. up there in the end the website Offer Cashfiesta response to your registration information? Once the reaction, even if you successfully registered, you can Special Offers Done Richard column. But to let you register Offer Site response to Cashfiesta information you register, so often when you register with a user name and password to visit their web site is to be your friends! Many Offer site because you just to get his points but not often go to visit, he will look you are registered as invalid.
About Gold Member:
(1) how to become a Gold Member?
A: meet three conditions:
① monthly accumulation of 133 points or more in total (including 133 points) Gold membership points.
② month, up more than 6 special offers (with 6).
③ total of 10,000 points or more monthly special offers incentives (ie, when the awards each up Special Offer give you the points).
meet the above three conditions can become a Gold Member:
1.666USD is to be done to achieve the gold members only! ordinary members is only 0.010USD per thousand points, there up a special task you will soar a thousand points 0.04USD, the two projects will soar to 0.333USD, three, then there 0.5USD, four have 0.66USD, 0.83 have five, six have 1USD per thousand points, you should now understand why a liar who friends said Cashifiesta company, right? he was just up for an account, do not do other things, just ordinary members only! I do not know you intelligibility in English? do not know English words Kingsoft give you a hand with it.
Note: new members of points on the banner is not 1000 when the U.S. dollar exchange one U.S. dollar but the $ 0.01 level required for members to register special offer! as long as you are careful, the registration process is very simple!
Gold Member $ 1.666
Note: Do not cheat, or blocked accounts worth the candle!
example: repeat with the same mailbox up Cashfiesta;
open automatically shift software;
Cashfiesta is not allowed to an account password by several machines in the same time landed!
six, troubleshooting
Question 1. to get how many points per hour?
A: Cashfiesta a group of ads every 2 minutes, 10 per minute points, one point is accurate to 6 seconds, 600 points per hour.
Question 2. the end of how to apply for payment? how to get my real RMB cash it?
A: When the account balance sufficient payments to the condition of the assets Table appears to apply payment button.
after we receive the U.S. dollar checks, can go to the local county level and above ask you to open a U.S. dollar account, you can go to the bank for a month later if the money arrived, if arrive, the U.S. dollar into RMB or you can freely dispose of.
the form of making money online is concerned, the participants do not Any organization or individual required to pay any fees; see from the revenue sources, there is no physical commodities trading behavior, your personal income is essentially advertising fees entirely another form of distribution. think about it, the original area to invest in traditional communication (radio newspapers, television, etc.) the huge advertising costs, through this new media, online advertising paid directly to the consumer himself, and thus receive better publicity, not a good thing? participants to make money on the Internet is concerned, his future to buy goods, the average real price has been effectively reduced, and this reduction in commodity prices is not as some kind of pyramid scheme that only very specific products, but average. So now you see the network Ad he paid to understand you well.
from now see if you can use the shortest time to reach 1,000 points over a dollar.
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
I wild about Lena Yuan Chiang bones rub, we only hate me
On small files
Lena nickname: bobo small cute, talk black, na Baby
Date of birth: August 30, 1989
experience: in 2009, received Stage 5 .6 girls into the game, talk about hanging Via Lena interpretation action so that the public judges stunned, even though the last stop 6 strong, but this great game fans have been talked about until now.
file hit Hunan Satellite TV home-made summer drama a lot of people's attention. play, Shuang Cheng won by pure outspoken fan of the pursuit, and innocent third parties when on the ; is because I played this role Yuan Chiang to the extreme, everyone would hate me. very warm greeting. The girl was born in Nanning, Guangxi has a quarter of Indian descent who, it seems that deep down there is a trace of Indian customs, under the close watch of her face only a palm-sized, three-dimensional features, Nongmeidayan, .
made friends and fans about the nickname, about Lena said with a smile, black very appropriate name, in line with its own characteristics. Why I am so black, but there have been many people, especially the photographer told me that your skin is very healthy, very beautiful, and slowly, and he began to think that wheat colored skin is unique, is another kind of feeling. ;
because the mother's support in order to let me go further on the stage of Happy Girl
childhood neighbors think about Lena is a star block material, of course, talking about my mother is no exception. In the eyes to see your mother, daughter beautiful, lively, dance and dance well, when having guests, talk about pulling out of her mother Lena will be performances, particularly her praise was rightly ringing around the narcissistic, often locked himself in a room put the mirror all pose. Later, talking to Lena Song and Dance Ensemble, while learning to sing, while pondering how difficult the challenges of dance.
2009 years was first introduced in singing area. somewhere, singing District of Nanning is to talk about Lena open, often wandering out of the talks because the show Lena, Happy Girl in the race actually returned to Nanning during the registration period, about her mother cheering her full support Happy girls to participate. inner joy. fear no progress ....... but a game in a stage of experience, training courses increased about Lena in > let everyone hate me, hate me, it is not easy to do, is an affirmation of my acting
know the sea of clouds, and Chu Yu Qian was really in love, but conditions conducive to their own.
Lena is about to play because Lena seems to have a sense of unknown tell Road, me, this is not easy to do, is an affirmation of my acting. clouds and rain Qian unfailing love, and then have to withdraw love, ah, why bother going to wait for the interloper? ; each person has their own on the other side, have the right to the pursuit of love, Jiang Yuan, too, she just love should not love, it is not wrong, wrong, she loves the way, I will not like her extreme feelings of a problem, face to face to make it clear, conflicts will be solved. , you will often get together?
about: will, ah, we will go to KTV to sing, like Zeng Yi, a slow type of wheat, but tyrants, as long as she Hey, the song began to meal chaos, and the basic microphone in her hand, no one grabbed her to win, Pan Chen relatively calm in the KTV, once the very outbreak of terror, they get to the end from the beginning, do not let yourself to drink water. In many cases, we will stay playable Zeng Yi, a She began to put the > UP: There are many fans often send pictures on the micro-blog, that where they see you, Zeng, Pan Hong Yue went shopping together, not to sign?
about: (ha ha), which we compare the three chore to go out shopping as people visited the zoo animals, action is not very free. In fact, the experience our fans recognize that we have signed either a unified or uniform do not sign. There were times when the three of us to dinner be recognized, and so Zeng signature block immediately in front of Pan Hong Yue said, sorry, busy day, we who were considered out of play for each other working people who say that we catch notice.
UP: once Yi can be moved to a new home in Beijing, Bo also made a lot of micro-photos, you were too?
about: Happy Girls, many of them go, that party is not easy. I had arrived at her home when , everyone is busy opened, Zeng is wash the rice, I glanced to a fist-style rice cooker. I said, such a point of rice, Gao Xiaosong teachers alone can eat a few pots, words uttered, Hong Tang Tai laugh. That night we all hi and drink some wine, drink red blush.
Q & A:
UP: Happy Girl you halo on his head, but many people say Happy Girl halo more light, how do you view this phenomenon? a year ago, now you and the way you grow up what did you learn?
about Lena: (hereinafter referred to as talk about) Let Happy Girl is just a Growth transformation of the platform, as long as we do a good job should be to do things, and strive to upgrade themselves to be worthy of those who work behind the scenes staff, and fans. greatest achievement is to understand hard work is rewarding. A year ago, I was just a dancing, now I will shoot, next year there may be the album, I take every step down to earth, even if only one fan support and like me, but as long as I try, you can let him continue to like me.
UP: You are a shining on the stage, feeling cool, usually how you like with clothes?
about: how to how to wear comfortably. sometimes like to wear leather clothing, leather garments, leather pants, giving it cool feeling. If I had my dress feminine, I do not like it, I want to feel is Ursula, I hope to someday to play the role of this series.
Lena nickname: bobo small cute, talk black, na Baby
Date of birth: August 30, 1989
experience: in 2009, received Stage 5 .6 girls into the game, talk about hanging Via Lena interpretation action so that the public judges stunned, even though the last stop 6 strong, but this great game fans have been talked about until now.
file hit Hunan Satellite TV home-made summer drama a lot of people's attention. play, Shuang Cheng won by pure outspoken fan of the pursuit, and innocent third parties when on the ; is because I played this role Yuan Chiang to the extreme, everyone would hate me. very warm greeting. The girl was born in Nanning, Guangxi has a quarter of Indian descent who, it seems that deep down there is a trace of Indian customs, under the close watch of her face only a palm-sized, three-dimensional features, Nongmeidayan, .
made friends and fans about the nickname, about Lena said with a smile, black very appropriate name, in line with its own characteristics. Why I am so black, but there have been many people, especially the photographer told me that your skin is very healthy, very beautiful, and slowly, and he began to think that wheat colored skin is unique, is another kind of feeling. ;
because the mother's support in order to let me go further on the stage of Happy Girl
childhood neighbors think about Lena is a star block material, of course, talking about my mother is no exception. In the eyes to see your mother, daughter beautiful, lively, dance and dance well, when having guests, talk about pulling out of her mother Lena will be performances, particularly her praise was rightly ringing around the narcissistic, often locked himself in a room put the mirror all pose. Later, talking to Lena Song and Dance Ensemble, while learning to sing, while pondering how difficult the challenges of dance.
2009 years was first introduced in singing area. somewhere, singing District of Nanning is to talk about Lena open, often wandering out of the talks because the show Lena, Happy Girl in the race actually returned to Nanning during the registration period, about her mother cheering her full support Happy girls to participate. inner joy. fear no progress ....... but a game in a stage of experience, training courses increased about Lena in > let everyone hate me, hate me, it is not easy to do, is an affirmation of my acting
know the sea of clouds, and Chu Yu Qian was really in love, but conditions conducive to their own.
Lena is about to play because Lena seems to have a sense of unknown tell Road, me, this is not easy to do, is an affirmation of my acting. clouds and rain Qian unfailing love, and then have to withdraw love, ah, why bother going to wait for the interloper? ; each person has their own on the other side, have the right to the pursuit of love, Jiang Yuan, too, she just love should not love, it is not wrong, wrong, she loves the way, I will not like her extreme feelings of a problem, face to face to make it clear, conflicts will be solved. , you will often get together?
about: will, ah, we will go to KTV to sing, like Zeng Yi, a slow type of wheat, but tyrants, as long as she Hey, the song began to meal chaos, and the basic microphone in her hand, no one grabbed her to win, Pan Chen relatively calm in the KTV, once the very outbreak of terror, they get to the end from the beginning, do not let yourself to drink water. In many cases, we will stay playable Zeng Yi, a She began to put the > UP: There are many fans often send pictures on the micro-blog, that where they see you, Zeng, Pan Hong Yue went shopping together, not to sign?
about: (ha ha), which we compare the three chore to go out shopping as people visited the zoo animals, action is not very free. In fact, the experience our fans recognize that we have signed either a unified or uniform do not sign. There were times when the three of us to dinner be recognized, and so Zeng signature block immediately in front of Pan Hong Yue said, sorry, busy day, we who were considered out of play for each other working people who say that we catch notice.
UP: once Yi can be moved to a new home in Beijing, Bo also made a lot of micro-photos, you were too?
about: Happy Girls, many of them go, that party is not easy. I had arrived at her home when , everyone is busy opened, Zeng is wash the rice, I glanced to a fist-style rice cooker. I said, such a point of rice, Gao Xiaosong teachers alone can eat a few pots, words uttered, Hong Tang Tai laugh. That night we all hi and drink some wine, drink red blush.
Q & A:
UP: Happy Girl you halo on his head, but many people say Happy Girl halo more light, how do you view this phenomenon? a year ago, now you and the way you grow up what did you learn?
about Lena: (hereinafter referred to as talk about) Let Happy Girl is just a Growth transformation of the platform, as long as we do a good job should be to do things, and strive to upgrade themselves to be worthy of those who work behind the scenes staff, and fans. greatest achievement is to understand hard work is rewarding. A year ago, I was just a dancing, now I will shoot, next year there may be the album, I take every step down to earth, even if only one fan support and like me, but as long as I try, you can let him continue to like me.
UP: You are a shining on the stage, feeling cool, usually how you like with clothes?
about: how to how to wear comfortably. sometimes like to wear leather clothing, leather garments, leather pants, giving it cool feeling. If I had my dress feminine, I do not like it, I want to feel is Ursula, I hope to someday to play the role of this series.
Monday, February 21, 2011
Opened to the king the mystery behind the frequent - case-based study
Opened to the king the mystery behind the frequent mm case-based study
Jie Chen Fudan University
Executive Director of Housing Policy Research Center
What are the reasons driving the courage to withstand the high cost of developers, regardless of market risk and policy variations and fight sites the root causes behind the phenomenon.
experienced hot in 2007 and 2008 winter, 2009, an unexpected moment of China's land market, rose to boiling point again, especially in the second half turnover of abnormal hot, the achievements one after another sites years have increased by 49%. which, Hangzhou land transfer up to 105.4 billion yuan, ranking first in the country to achieve 238% year on year rate of increase, followed by Shanghai to 104.3 billion yuan, an increase of 172%, also reached the third Beijing 92.8 billion yuan, an increase of 85%. the top 20 largest increase year on year in Ningbo, 617%, the amount of 48.8 billion, ranked sixth, or second place is Xiamen, is 475%, the amount of 303 billion, ranking 12th. estimate down, the country's land transfer about 2009 GDP of 4.4%.
addition, the author under the China Real Estate Information Group (CRIC) to calculate the statistical data, in 2009 before the domestic floor price of land transactions 20 barriers to entry have reached 20,963 yuan / square meter, the average price of up to 32,724 yuan / square meter, the highest of 4.6 yuan / square meter. Most of the floor price far exceeds that of the surrounding real estate prices, expensive than bread flour land auction frequently in various placards bid to seize .09 insight to grab the land premium in the top 20 turnover rate of the minimum are already 427%, the highest and achieved 767%. the other hand, the industry department, repeated demands to curb land store, its prevention and control enclosures hoard seems to have a fairly comprehensive policy instruments, but under the weight of such regulation, What are the reasons driving the courage to withstand the high cost of developers, regardless of changes in market risk and policy factors and fight ; their blind arrogance? a pure Fools game? or specificity analysis of the five angles, trying to explore the phenomenon of China to the king behind the root of the frequency.
A corporate self-interest motive
1, overly optimistic expectations in the first quarter
09 the property market began to pick up, the market is expected to boost the developers confidence turn for the better. Some real estate development company of the future property market is extremely optimistic that the land regardless of geometry, will always pay back the cost of a link, so they actively take to prepare, increase the size of land bank for distribution. However, the current hunger for local government land policy, forcing them to grab a large amount of money to bet on tomorrow.
alone Vanke, Poly, gold and the four real estate investment real estate in Shenzhen leading enterprises in 2009 and spent about 93 billion yuan to buy land. the most radical of which Poly Real Estate, in 2009, 8 months, looting, the total cost of 43.3 billion yuan, of which 9 months and 12 months, respectively, close to the percentage of funds to buy land billion. And the company's 2009 total contracted amount of 43.382 billion yuan, but also. Vanke is relatively stable throughout the year took only 227 billion yuan, Poly Real Estate is only 54%. In addition, the payment to the Group in 2009 in the land market spend 19 billion yuan, investment real estate to spend 7.8 billion. [1]
2, passing the signal
according to the signal mechanism, companies weigh the signal gain and signal through the cost, whether the high standard to make decisions. wear sites , with sites to attract media attention, with the title of the king immediately fame in the industry, the rapid establishment of banks, builders, designers and other cooperation partners, which will facilitate it in other cities to take, open to expanding the market situation in other provinces .
typical case: August 24, 2007, Nanjing Suning Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. to 4.404 billion yuan was competing Shanghai Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street, Huangpu District, Business Office 163 mm treasure neighborhood block, equivalent to the floor land 66,930 yuan / square meters (2.57 times the starting price), the mainland has become the unit to the king, this record has not broken. to the king through the creation of this record, the original unknown, the original base around the satellite only in the city of Nanjing to do some low-level look at the properties for sale real estate Suning child not only in the multitude of strong and even on the beach are renowned on the national real estate market. Although August 2008 Suning crumbling real estate prices in Shanghai in time, can not stand the pressure to return to the land, but for its own sake words, no doubt, made a huge ad. even more peculiar is, Suning to find real estate for an underground line of 10 mm rail transit construction schedule submitted to the Government can not open grounds (in fact in 2006 had 10 lines plan announced), I do not know what behind the operation, even last a full refund by the Government.
can be said for enterprise development, strategic considerations, coupled with land captured in the non-payment or payment in installments The loopholes in the system, some companies will use to seize the king at any cost and then wait for an opportunity based on market prices and then decide whether or not the strategy of development. even some simply do not seriously intend to develop, always ready to make out. Although this strategy to meet their own maximize the benefits, but the destruction of the market played a great disturbance.
second, with sites to the market at the same time promote its own strength, can more easily introduce strategic investors, successful IPO misappropriating public.
typical cases: before the listing of Country Garden and Hengda are wantonly reserve land, and to this its main selling point to sell to the capital markets.
the program in 2008, Hengda listed at the end of 2006 was less than the land bank at the end of the 6 million square meters .2007 a staggering 45.8 million square meters. In other words, In the year 2007, Hengda nearly 7-fold expansion of land bank. An example can explain to the frenzy of desire Hengda. Hengda August 3, 2007 after nearly 700 at auction, to 2.53 billion yuan, respectively, won in the price Yuzhong District and nine gold regions of two sloping land, won one fell swoop Chongqing and King companies listed on the win to the king, is equivalent to load equal to the company assets and stimulate the stock raising. In addition, the company can use the Once declared to be in the form of new shares or corporate bonds financing the land bank, are sought after suffering from capital markets and investors, raising a looted, the share price rising. Thus, in between the property market and the stock market, the existence of such a path Figure: house prices, increased earnings of listed companies are expected to drive the stock prices, corporate finance space greatly increased again after the high prices in land bank financing, to further push up earnings forecasts. listed in the property market, the stock market to achieve such a cycle of a double harvest.
According to the agency report, in 2009, Poly Real Estate, Lake real estate, R & F Properties, Forte Group, many large Chinese enterprises, housing prices are way through the issuance of corporate bonds to increase the amount of financing, real estate corporate annual total corporate bond issuance has totaled more than 200 billion; another offshore real estate, the first open shares, Greentown China, China Resources Land and other enterprises through the issuance, placement and other ways to achieve equity financing to refinance the capital market. In addition, in 2009 there were Housing prices in Hong Kong to 10 mainland IPO market successfully. [2]
typical case:
Country Garden was listed during the use of the listing of about 19 million square meters during the end of 2009 increased to 41.5 million square meters. Country Garden in 2009 high-interest bonds issued twice, the first issue due 2014 $ 300,000,000 senior notes, notes issued by the estimated income amounted to $ 294,700,000. After, Country Garden and then send 7,500 million U.S. dollars in global bonds due 2014, interest rate up to 11.75%. but still sought after by the market. price of 1.9 yuan from the beginning to the end of the year rose to 2.5 million. In the Country Garden and Agile and Guangzhou R & F Properties to 25.5 billion yuan joint bid for the Asian Games in Guangzhou city block, made of new debt financing is brewing.
that both China's capital market which non-rational, there are rooms unique real estate development in information asymmetry. outside investors often difficult to assess the true performance of a real estate company, the actual operating capacity and future development trend, the number only on the basis of its land bank. to some extent induced by listed real estate companies desperately take place. jargon saying, , executives get big bonuses. if they fail, there are also passed on to investors. no immediate loss of their own interests.
Second, inter-enterprise conspiracy
1, bidding the king waging marketing
More importantly, the significance of the phenomenon may lie in contrast market hot atmosphere, which Shill marketing. I will be bidding collusion between enterprises are two types of marketing:
First, the market level of long-term speculation. for the land market and housing market , the confidence in the decision to market trends, determine future of the industry. It is because of the real estate market to the national economy and the importance of living, has never been a lack of spotlight attention. Based on this, developers are tacitly use of local competition Wang subjects sizzling markets will induce consumers to purchase, the use of land prices in the conductivity effect of driving up prices, to seek their own industry as a whole to maximize profits and excess profits, and other developers can make their own market in a warm atmosphere profiteering.
Second, the enterprise level short-term speculation. refers to two or more enterprise based on a one-time secret agreement or long-term cooperative relationship, one of the sites through the identity of the other side near the price real estate generating sales immediately spillover benefits. The price linkage model can be between two or more related developers to start, possibly through a secret agreement or repeat the game process to achieve stable equilibrium, to help each other in the sale of real estate appreciation, expand profitable space.
2, twelve joint development
development of primary and secondary linkage between enterprises conspiracy way, developers can effectively share the two cash flow pressure, high motivation to take the business to become the king. in the main by the land price pure transfer payments, compensation for the development and construction, urban infrastructure costs of three parts. If a conspiracy between the developers and two developers, will produce a win-win results, to maintain stable relations of cooperation. For a developer and words, may not fund further development of the land for two, through the development of primary and secondary linkage, it can be divided in two much larger in the interests of development; on the two developers, a prime location if the bullish , but it is expected to bid fiercely or he did not win then the strong financial strength of the site, which can be developed using twelve linkage to require a developer to develop some of the terms tend to win their bid, or even demand the return of the land price in compensation for the development and construction. Thus, although the nominal land price when the auction is high, but the actual payment of a large, but less. Therefore, two developers more incentive to get high.
Third, bank-enterprise conspiracy
SOHO Pan Shiyi, chairman of China has publicly stated that China 1 / 3 of the developers never build a house just down the land, store is an important reason for soaring prices. But dare to unscrupulous developers hoarding land is an important reason is because there are bank credit and stock markets consolidated financial dependence on more than 80%. in the development of part of it, according to central bank regulations, land reserve loans taken by way of security should have the legal land use certificate, the highest rate of mortgage loans shall not exceed the assessed value of collateral, 70%, for a period not exceeding two years. This means that the higher the collateral value of land will receive more loans. commercial banks in the way of security for the developers to land bank loans, loan mortgage rate is generally not more than 50%, and are taking the total to total credit (bank credit based on direct loans to developers headquarters, branch offices do not accept the project land bank mortgage loans). But bank days the amount of construction area and land reserves, big developers, lending conditions have to discount a lot. In this way, the more the king at all costs become, the more likely a lot of credit from the bank, the more favorable in the latter part of the development, can grasp the initiative. of course, if at a certain market risk and cost of capital on the balance point. Even the king of funding individual projects yield little, but day by the king to obtain the amount of money, there are always opportunities for in-house cash flow, to maximize business efficiency.
days, but the amount of bank funds by developers at the same time, they would reap a huge profit. in the price rally, the mortgage is a very high-quality products, but also competitively very formidable indeed. In this way, many banks for their own interests, often with major developers, there is overt or covert strategic alliances, often took place before the developer has said good credit support, so developers take more emboldened to time. Bank of actual be sold to real estate developers, partners and even the angel of the king behind the scenes.
a lot of the media that the ] China Index Research Institute January 14, 2010 released a survey show that in 2009 construction workers and peasants in the four main commercial banks, state-owned banks provide credit to the real estate of more than 3300 billion yuan. According to the statistics agency , 2009, Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank and other domestic banks to the real estate business throughout the year the total amount paid over 330 billion yuan of bank credit. including green space, Shimao, Greentown access to bank credit, respectively, 47.4 billion yuan, 150 billion and 10 billion yuan. [4]
typical case: Vanke August 18, 2009 announcement, recently signed with the China Construction Bank Corporation long-term strategic cooperative relations. Under the agreement, Vanke China Construction Bank Corporation will provide 50 billion yuan credit line. Construction Bank and China Vanke in real estate development loans, bank guarantees business, bill acceptance and financing bonds extensive cooperation in many areas. This is the Construction Bank following the 2007 Vanke 20 billion yuan credit line to give, after further increasing the credit strength of Vanke.
Fourth, enterprises and government collusion
1, the local government transfer of benefits
Since China adopted the central government and local government tax distribution, officials promoted the system as the core of the main achievements is the GDP to measure, and some local governments to pursue the maximization of short-term revenue, making the local government in particular the hot real estate enthusiasts . The current leasing system, the local government sold the land can get land for decades to rent, plus you can get from real estate taxes, building a lot of tax revenue, so, in reality, the Government has pushed up interest incentives and developers conspire land, especially through several sites of take place before the local officials and more likely to mark the ground and the intention of the developer sufficient financial strength to . or win a piece of land developers, unable to develop the Queen, you can find the local government about the conditions. These practices, in some provinces and cities in the unspoken rules is the industry. the government out of the change of land on favorable terms may include construction planning, by supporting a good move , adjust volume, increased height limit, reduction of the purchase back, delaying payment of land transfer, part of the tax return and so on. the interests of such transmission, the natural dilution of the take to the cost, the enterprise will certainly positive to take, even if this piece of land seemingly Enterprise and captured the core project is located in Beijing's Chaoyang geographical Guangqu the 15th, the high price of competing bids was 4.06 billion yuan this block. removing 15,000 square meters land for low-cost housing and a school and a sports park land, which floor of a block, the average price of about 16,200 yuan per square meter / square meter, a record price of land transactions Beijing was the most to the king and the national total. The total land area of 155,918 square meters land, of which construction area is 119,056 square meters, collect the urban public land area of 36,862 square meters, plan property for residential, sports and residential land for public buildings, the floor size of 280,118 square meters of building control, integrated volume rate of 2.25.
However, in December 2009 30 day, the official website of Beijing Planning Board issued a , A4m10 block building control height from 80 meters by 100 meters. Meanwhile, in the same area of land under the premise of the project with construction of the sports park position and shape have also been adjusted, will A4m7 sports park land and residential mixed public A4m8 adjust the location of construction sites.
industry estimates, even if the land can be sold Guangqumen 15, the total floor area does not change, the change point for the planned construction area per square meter on profit maximization, this plan if approved, will add in of more than 20 million square Xing profits.
2, breach of contract as long as the low cost and to pay a small deposit
developers will be able to get to the king, not the one to get after It paid the full premium payment. Although the country has repeated demands, the price must be strictly required to be paid within two years (December 2009 Year after 12 months to 50%), but in fact are often unreachable. if development is only in price during the loss of the first payment of interest. paid land transfer overdue, or there are other reasons had to retire to , at most only a loss of tens of millions of deposit and the first premium payment. phased development of facilities hire more developers. Many developers often can be found under the contract a , not to hurt the slightest to get out, such as Suning real estate such a typical case. Developers take to boost the regional high house prices, housing prices over the sharing of gains, but also the process without the need bear the adjustment costs incurred in the land market. Local Government condoning the king free exit, the attitude of breach of contract, prompting developers to be more fearless in the rush to war staged the auction site.
3, acquiescing to hoard
a large number of current revenues come from all over the land So, basically most of the local governments do not exclude high land prices, but does not prohibit the rush, the store, for two years without developing the basic provisions of the resumption of land are open eyes closed eyes. This gives developers business as long as the store to the ground, there are a lot of room.
because many developers believe that housing prices in China are on the rise long-term range, so even if land prices so high, as long as Ao Dezhu, to the first store with the Government reminders are not normally as long as a good relationship with the Government, even in the price are dragged not to have a big problem, a few years since that developers can always find the right time to start opening and sale, even hand down, but also huge profits.
five, the central enterprises and large state-owned enterprises operating soft constraints and credit advantages
and 07 years to get to the performance difference is that in 2009 more than half of high price and large-scale land plots are central enterprises State-owned enterprise or a background in the bag. market evaluation, the state-owned enterprises are often characterized by a very generous hand, determined to win once to participate in the auction can be said to take place regardless of the cost of the enclosure, so many private enterprises are also known as the big developers are afraid. If the information under the CRIC, in 2009 the top floor price of land transactions, nearly three-quarters of 20-word or local state-owned enterprises scored.
Case: November 20, 2009 in Beijing Tianzhu the 22nd Land and Resources Bureau of Land Consolidation Reserve Center auction, Lake, ocean, Poly, built, KWG, Rongqiao gathered biggest real estate site, etc., which also includes Sinolink, Tai Lung, First City, Le Meridien high, Dacheng, Ampang insurance Muller 12 developers involved in the auction. After going on for nearly a half hour after 190 rounds of bidding, under the Beijing Municipal People's Government of Shunyi District, Tai Lung Albert Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. 5.05 billion yuan in the price of land will be successful Tianzhu the 22nd in the bag. the land from the floor price of 8,336.98 yuan start / m raise to the last 29,859 yuan / square meter, the final transaction price of 1.41 billion yuan than the reserve price higher than the 3.64 billion yuan, up 258.2 percent premium, many developers have indicated the presence of bank lending channel patency, the parent company capitalized, low comprehensive cost of capital, also has local government support and other advantages. central state-owned enterprises in China, is enjoying the political status of many state-owned central enterprises the heads of the party than the head of local government posts to much higher, the local state-owned enterprises is a rush for the central level, could wish for, at least not afford to offend, and in the development of green areas is everywhere, all the way smooth.
central state-owned enterprises and the collusion between state-owned banks is the deepest and most impenetrable De In 2009 the banking system issued 9.5 trillion days as part of a specific amount of credit in the short-term financing to support the state-owned enterprises. However, with investment in environmental degradation, overcapacity in the real economy, the risk of increased stock market, and inflation expectations, These state-owned enterprises access to credit, the land can only be bought as a hedge fund.
Case: June 30, 2009 through 97 bid to buy the final sale only, Fang Xing of the block in addition to the parent company of the Group purchased additional shares of its parts, the first half of 2009 also received a total of 24.5 billion yuan of bank credit. This is a lot of money into the portrayal of the real estate industry.
On the other hand, the central enterprises to large state-owned enterprises won the Queen a few years even if very few people do not develop accountability, development manager for the failure of the punishment mechanism is almost non-existent, even though the SASAC to search, you can completely pushed to the market risks, most CEOs another place to do. but when the king makes the operating performance won substantial growth can justifiably be a huge bonus. This is only achievements, awards, restriction, who does not punish the good things worth it? Therefore, they do not fear the State control the property market a portfolio, just grab heavily increasing the value of the assets to achieve, to show their performance under any, to lay the foundation for future career.
current government to rectify the land market so-called state-owned enterprises for the central level, the more they play advantage, will stimulate and increase their trouble in the land market.
as May 2009, Beijing in accordance with the contract the two sides, R & F first pay 20% of land transfer, and the rest paid in 180 days; and June 30, 2009 in the Xing in the middle of the party won 4.06 billion yuan of the land, according to the contract, Sinochem Xing Fang paid within 3 working days all the land price. the gap between the financial strength is evident. VI Summary: This paper points out China sedan chair each child, by driving up land prices; three collusion between banks and enterprises. to have the financing advantage of the king, the banks volunteered to transport bombs to the king; Fourth, collusion between government and enterprises. The Government's mandate to sizzling real estate developers through the herd, maximize access to land transfer, give to the king after the compensation; five state-owned enterprises operating soft constraints and credit advantages. For more than a few possibilities, limits the disclosure of the material, some of it is difficult to entirely hypothetical to prove, in empirical test on the more difficult to quantify the specific reasons for the largest share of that. However, according to a variety of public materials and clues, I think the possibility of collusion between government and enterprises is very large, the proportion of high hazard is also the largest. About this article text and follow-up study of this issue, visit the Housing Policy Research Center, Fudan University Web site: www.chps.fudan.edu.cn
Jie Chen Fudan University
Executive Director of Housing Policy Research Center
What are the reasons driving the courage to withstand the high cost of developers, regardless of market risk and policy variations and fight sites the root causes behind the phenomenon.
experienced hot in 2007 and 2008 winter, 2009, an unexpected moment of China's land market, rose to boiling point again, especially in the second half turnover of abnormal hot, the achievements one after another sites years have increased by 49%. which, Hangzhou land transfer up to 105.4 billion yuan, ranking first in the country to achieve 238% year on year rate of increase, followed by Shanghai to 104.3 billion yuan, an increase of 172%, also reached the third Beijing 92.8 billion yuan, an increase of 85%. the top 20 largest increase year on year in Ningbo, 617%, the amount of 48.8 billion, ranked sixth, or second place is Xiamen, is 475%, the amount of 303 billion, ranking 12th. estimate down, the country's land transfer about 2009 GDP of 4.4%.
addition, the author under the China Real Estate Information Group (CRIC) to calculate the statistical data, in 2009 before the domestic floor price of land transactions 20 barriers to entry have reached 20,963 yuan / square meter, the average price of up to 32,724 yuan / square meter, the highest of 4.6 yuan / square meter. Most of the floor price far exceeds that of the surrounding real estate prices, expensive than bread flour land auction frequently in various placards bid to seize .09 insight to grab the land premium in the top 20 turnover rate of the minimum are already 427%, the highest and achieved 767%. the other hand, the industry department, repeated demands to curb land store, its prevention and control enclosures hoard seems to have a fairly comprehensive policy instruments, but under the weight of such regulation, What are the reasons driving the courage to withstand the high cost of developers, regardless of changes in market risk and policy factors and fight ; their blind arrogance? a pure Fools game? or specificity analysis of the five angles, trying to explore the phenomenon of China to the king behind the root of the frequency.
A corporate self-interest motive
1, overly optimistic expectations in the first quarter
09 the property market began to pick up, the market is expected to boost the developers confidence turn for the better. Some real estate development company of the future property market is extremely optimistic that the land regardless of geometry, will always pay back the cost of a link, so they actively take to prepare, increase the size of land bank for distribution. However, the current hunger for local government land policy, forcing them to grab a large amount of money to bet on tomorrow.
alone Vanke, Poly, gold and the four real estate investment real estate in Shenzhen leading enterprises in 2009 and spent about 93 billion yuan to buy land. the most radical of which Poly Real Estate, in 2009, 8 months, looting, the total cost of 43.3 billion yuan, of which 9 months and 12 months, respectively, close to the percentage of funds to buy land billion. And the company's 2009 total contracted amount of 43.382 billion yuan, but also. Vanke is relatively stable throughout the year took only 227 billion yuan, Poly Real Estate is only 54%. In addition, the payment to the Group in 2009 in the land market spend 19 billion yuan, investment real estate to spend 7.8 billion. [1]
2, passing the signal
according to the signal mechanism, companies weigh the signal gain and signal through the cost, whether the high standard to make decisions. wear sites , with sites to attract media attention, with the title of the king immediately fame in the industry, the rapid establishment of banks, builders, designers and other cooperation partners, which will facilitate it in other cities to take, open to expanding the market situation in other provinces .
typical case: August 24, 2007, Nanjing Suning Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. to 4.404 billion yuan was competing Shanghai Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street, Huangpu District, Business Office 163 mm treasure neighborhood block, equivalent to the floor land 66,930 yuan / square meters (2.57 times the starting price), the mainland has become the unit to the king, this record has not broken. to the king through the creation of this record, the original unknown, the original base around the satellite only in the city of Nanjing to do some low-level look at the properties for sale real estate Suning child not only in the multitude of strong and even on the beach are renowned on the national real estate market. Although August 2008 Suning crumbling real estate prices in Shanghai in time, can not stand the pressure to return to the land, but for its own sake words, no doubt, made a huge ad. even more peculiar is, Suning to find real estate for an underground line of 10 mm rail transit construction schedule submitted to the Government can not open grounds (in fact in 2006 had 10 lines plan announced), I do not know what behind the operation, even last a full refund by the Government.
can be said for enterprise development, strategic considerations, coupled with land captured in the non-payment or payment in installments The loopholes in the system, some companies will use to seize the king at any cost and then wait for an opportunity based on market prices and then decide whether or not the strategy of development. even some simply do not seriously intend to develop, always ready to make out. Although this strategy to meet their own maximize the benefits, but the destruction of the market played a great disturbance.
second, with sites to the market at the same time promote its own strength, can more easily introduce strategic investors, successful IPO misappropriating public.
typical cases: before the listing of Country Garden and Hengda are wantonly reserve land, and to this its main selling point to sell to the capital markets.
the program in 2008, Hengda listed at the end of 2006 was less than the land bank at the end of the 6 million square meters .2007 a staggering 45.8 million square meters. In other words, In the year 2007, Hengda nearly 7-fold expansion of land bank. An example can explain to the frenzy of desire Hengda. Hengda August 3, 2007 after nearly 700 at auction, to 2.53 billion yuan, respectively, won in the price Yuzhong District and nine gold regions of two sloping land, won one fell swoop Chongqing and King companies listed on the win to the king, is equivalent to load equal to the company assets and stimulate the stock raising. In addition, the company can use the Once declared to be in the form of new shares or corporate bonds financing the land bank, are sought after suffering from capital markets and investors, raising a looted, the share price rising. Thus, in between the property market and the stock market, the existence of such a path Figure: house prices, increased earnings of listed companies are expected to drive the stock prices, corporate finance space greatly increased again after the high prices in land bank financing, to further push up earnings forecasts. listed in the property market, the stock market to achieve such a cycle of a double harvest.
According to the agency report, in 2009, Poly Real Estate, Lake real estate, R & F Properties, Forte Group, many large Chinese enterprises, housing prices are way through the issuance of corporate bonds to increase the amount of financing, real estate corporate annual total corporate bond issuance has totaled more than 200 billion; another offshore real estate, the first open shares, Greentown China, China Resources Land and other enterprises through the issuance, placement and other ways to achieve equity financing to refinance the capital market. In addition, in 2009 there were Housing prices in Hong Kong to 10 mainland IPO market successfully. [2]
typical case:
Country Garden was listed during the use of the listing of about 19 million square meters during the end of 2009 increased to 41.5 million square meters. Country Garden in 2009 high-interest bonds issued twice, the first issue due 2014 $ 300,000,000 senior notes, notes issued by the estimated income amounted to $ 294,700,000. After, Country Garden and then send 7,500 million U.S. dollars in global bonds due 2014, interest rate up to 11.75%. but still sought after by the market. price of 1.9 yuan from the beginning to the end of the year rose to 2.5 million. In the Country Garden and Agile and Guangzhou R & F Properties to 25.5 billion yuan joint bid for the Asian Games in Guangzhou city block, made of new debt financing is brewing.
that both China's capital market which non-rational, there are rooms unique real estate development in information asymmetry. outside investors often difficult to assess the true performance of a real estate company, the actual operating capacity and future development trend, the number only on the basis of its land bank. to some extent induced by listed real estate companies desperately take place. jargon saying, , executives get big bonuses. if they fail, there are also passed on to investors. no immediate loss of their own interests.
Second, inter-enterprise conspiracy
1, bidding the king waging marketing
More importantly, the significance of the phenomenon may lie in contrast market hot atmosphere, which Shill marketing. I will be bidding collusion between enterprises are two types of marketing:
First, the market level of long-term speculation. for the land market and housing market , the confidence in the decision to market trends, determine future of the industry. It is because of the real estate market to the national economy and the importance of living, has never been a lack of spotlight attention. Based on this, developers are tacitly use of local competition Wang subjects sizzling markets will induce consumers to purchase, the use of land prices in the conductivity effect of driving up prices, to seek their own industry as a whole to maximize profits and excess profits, and other developers can make their own market in a warm atmosphere profiteering.
Second, the enterprise level short-term speculation. refers to two or more enterprise based on a one-time secret agreement or long-term cooperative relationship, one of the sites through the identity of the other side near the price real estate generating sales immediately spillover benefits. The price linkage model can be between two or more related developers to start, possibly through a secret agreement or repeat the game process to achieve stable equilibrium, to help each other in the sale of real estate appreciation, expand profitable space.
2, twelve joint development
development of primary and secondary linkage between enterprises conspiracy way, developers can effectively share the two cash flow pressure, high motivation to take the business to become the king. in the main by the land price pure transfer payments, compensation for the development and construction, urban infrastructure costs of three parts. If a conspiracy between the developers and two developers, will produce a win-win results, to maintain stable relations of cooperation. For a developer and words, may not fund further development of the land for two, through the development of primary and secondary linkage, it can be divided in two much larger in the interests of development; on the two developers, a prime location if the bullish , but it is expected to bid fiercely or he did not win then the strong financial strength of the site, which can be developed using twelve linkage to require a developer to develop some of the terms tend to win their bid, or even demand the return of the land price in compensation for the development and construction. Thus, although the nominal land price when the auction is high, but the actual payment of a large, but less. Therefore, two developers more incentive to get high.
Third, bank-enterprise conspiracy
SOHO Pan Shiyi, chairman of China has publicly stated that China 1 / 3 of the developers never build a house just down the land, store is an important reason for soaring prices. But dare to unscrupulous developers hoarding land is an important reason is because there are bank credit and stock markets consolidated financial dependence on more than 80%. in the development of part of it, according to central bank regulations, land reserve loans taken by way of security should have the legal land use certificate, the highest rate of mortgage loans shall not exceed the assessed value of collateral, 70%, for a period not exceeding two years. This means that the higher the collateral value of land will receive more loans. commercial banks in the way of security for the developers to land bank loans, loan mortgage rate is generally not more than 50%, and are taking the total to total credit (bank credit based on direct loans to developers headquarters, branch offices do not accept the project land bank mortgage loans). But bank days the amount of construction area and land reserves, big developers, lending conditions have to discount a lot. In this way, the more the king at all costs become, the more likely a lot of credit from the bank, the more favorable in the latter part of the development, can grasp the initiative. of course, if at a certain market risk and cost of capital on the balance point. Even the king of funding individual projects yield little, but day by the king to obtain the amount of money, there are always opportunities for in-house cash flow, to maximize business efficiency.
days, but the amount of bank funds by developers at the same time, they would reap a huge profit. in the price rally, the mortgage is a very high-quality products, but also competitively very formidable indeed. In this way, many banks for their own interests, often with major developers, there is overt or covert strategic alliances, often took place before the developer has said good credit support, so developers take more emboldened to time. Bank of actual be sold to real estate developers, partners and even the angel of the king behind the scenes.
a lot of the media that the ] China Index Research Institute January 14, 2010 released a survey show that in 2009 construction workers and peasants in the four main commercial banks, state-owned banks provide credit to the real estate of more than 3300 billion yuan. According to the statistics agency , 2009, Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank and other domestic banks to the real estate business throughout the year the total amount paid over 330 billion yuan of bank credit. including green space, Shimao, Greentown access to bank credit, respectively, 47.4 billion yuan, 150 billion and 10 billion yuan. [4]
typical case: Vanke August 18, 2009 announcement, recently signed with the China Construction Bank Corporation long-term strategic cooperative relations. Under the agreement, Vanke China Construction Bank Corporation will provide 50 billion yuan credit line. Construction Bank and China Vanke in real estate development loans, bank guarantees business, bill acceptance and financing bonds extensive cooperation in many areas. This is the Construction Bank following the 2007 Vanke 20 billion yuan credit line to give, after further increasing the credit strength of Vanke.
Fourth, enterprises and government collusion
1, the local government transfer of benefits
Since China adopted the central government and local government tax distribution, officials promoted the system as the core of the main achievements is the GDP to measure, and some local governments to pursue the maximization of short-term revenue, making the local government in particular the hot real estate enthusiasts . The current leasing system, the local government sold the land can get land for decades to rent, plus you can get from real estate taxes, building a lot of tax revenue, so, in reality, the Government has pushed up interest incentives and developers conspire land, especially through several sites of take place before the local officials and more likely to mark the ground and the intention of the developer sufficient financial strength to . or win a piece of land developers, unable to develop the Queen, you can find the local government about the conditions. These practices, in some provinces and cities in the unspoken rules is the industry. the government out of the change of land on favorable terms may include construction planning, by supporting a good move , adjust volume, increased height limit, reduction of the purchase back, delaying payment of land transfer, part of the tax return and so on. the interests of such transmission, the natural dilution of the take to the cost, the enterprise will certainly positive to take, even if this piece of land seemingly Enterprise and captured the core project is located in Beijing's Chaoyang geographical Guangqu the 15th, the high price of competing bids was 4.06 billion yuan this block. removing 15,000 square meters land for low-cost housing and a school and a sports park land, which floor of a block, the average price of about 16,200 yuan per square meter / square meter, a record price of land transactions Beijing was the most to the king and the national total. The total land area of 155,918 square meters land, of which construction area is 119,056 square meters, collect the urban public land area of 36,862 square meters, plan property for residential, sports and residential land for public buildings, the floor size of 280,118 square meters of building control, integrated volume rate of 2.25.
However, in December 2009 30 day, the official website of Beijing Planning Board issued a , A4m10 block building control height from 80 meters by 100 meters. Meanwhile, in the same area of land under the premise of the project with construction of the sports park position and shape have also been adjusted, will A4m7 sports park land and residential mixed public A4m8 adjust the location of construction sites.
industry estimates, even if the land can be sold Guangqumen 15, the total floor area does not change, the change point for the planned construction area per square meter on profit maximization, this plan if approved, will add in of more than 20 million square Xing profits.
2, breach of contract as long as the low cost and to pay a small deposit
developers will be able to get to the king, not the one to get after It paid the full premium payment. Although the country has repeated demands, the price must be strictly required to be paid within two years (December 2009 Year after 12 months to 50%), but in fact are often unreachable. if development is only in price during the loss of the first payment of interest. paid land transfer overdue, or there are other reasons had to retire to , at most only a loss of tens of millions of deposit and the first premium payment. phased development of facilities hire more developers. Many developers often can be found under the contract a , not to hurt the slightest to get out, such as Suning real estate such a typical case. Developers take to boost the regional high house prices, housing prices over the sharing of gains, but also the process without the need bear the adjustment costs incurred in the land market. Local Government condoning the king free exit, the attitude of breach of contract, prompting developers to be more fearless in the rush to war staged the auction site.
3, acquiescing to hoard
a large number of current revenues come from all over the land So, basically most of the local governments do not exclude high land prices, but does not prohibit the rush, the store, for two years without developing the basic provisions of the resumption of land are open eyes closed eyes. This gives developers business as long as the store to the ground, there are a lot of room.
because many developers believe that housing prices in China are on the rise long-term range, so even if land prices so high, as long as Ao Dezhu, to the first store with the Government reminders are not normally as long as a good relationship with the Government, even in the price are dragged not to have a big problem, a few years since that developers can always find the right time to start opening and sale, even hand down, but also huge profits.
five, the central enterprises and large state-owned enterprises operating soft constraints and credit advantages
and 07 years to get to the performance difference is that in 2009 more than half of high price and large-scale land plots are central enterprises State-owned enterprise or a background in the bag. market evaluation, the state-owned enterprises are often characterized by a very generous hand, determined to win once to participate in the auction can be said to take place regardless of the cost of the enclosure, so many private enterprises are also known as the big developers are afraid. If the information under the CRIC, in 2009 the top floor price of land transactions, nearly three-quarters of 20-word or local state-owned enterprises scored.
Case: November 20, 2009 in Beijing Tianzhu the 22nd Land and Resources Bureau of Land Consolidation Reserve Center auction, Lake, ocean, Poly, built, KWG, Rongqiao gathered biggest real estate site, etc., which also includes Sinolink, Tai Lung, First City, Le Meridien high, Dacheng, Ampang insurance Muller 12 developers involved in the auction. After going on for nearly a half hour after 190 rounds of bidding, under the Beijing Municipal People's Government of Shunyi District, Tai Lung Albert Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. 5.05 billion yuan in the price of land will be successful Tianzhu the 22nd in the bag. the land from the floor price of 8,336.98 yuan start / m raise to the last 29,859 yuan / square meter, the final transaction price of 1.41 billion yuan than the reserve price higher than the 3.64 billion yuan, up 258.2 percent premium, many developers have indicated the presence of bank lending channel patency, the parent company capitalized, low comprehensive cost of capital, also has local government support and other advantages. central state-owned enterprises in China, is enjoying the political status of many state-owned central enterprises the heads of the party than the head of local government posts to much higher, the local state-owned enterprises is a rush for the central level, could wish for, at least not afford to offend, and in the development of green areas is everywhere, all the way smooth.
central state-owned enterprises and the collusion between state-owned banks is the deepest and most impenetrable De In 2009 the banking system issued 9.5 trillion days as part of a specific amount of credit in the short-term financing to support the state-owned enterprises. However, with investment in environmental degradation, overcapacity in the real economy, the risk of increased stock market, and inflation expectations, These state-owned enterprises access to credit, the land can only be bought as a hedge fund.
Case: June 30, 2009 through 97 bid to buy the final sale only, Fang Xing of the block in addition to the parent company of the Group purchased additional shares of its parts, the first half of 2009 also received a total of 24.5 billion yuan of bank credit. This is a lot of money into the portrayal of the real estate industry.
On the other hand, the central enterprises to large state-owned enterprises won the Queen a few years even if very few people do not develop accountability, development manager for the failure of the punishment mechanism is almost non-existent, even though the SASAC to search, you can completely pushed to the market risks, most CEOs another place to do. but when the king makes the operating performance won substantial growth can justifiably be a huge bonus. This is only achievements, awards, restriction, who does not punish the good things worth it? Therefore, they do not fear the State control the property market a portfolio, just grab heavily increasing the value of the assets to achieve, to show their performance under any, to lay the foundation for future career.
current government to rectify the land market so-called state-owned enterprises for the central level, the more they play advantage, will stimulate and increase their trouble in the land market.
as May 2009, Beijing in accordance with the contract the two sides, R & F first pay 20% of land transfer, and the rest paid in 180 days; and June 30, 2009 in the Xing in the middle of the party won 4.06 billion yuan of the land, according to the contract, Sinochem Xing Fang paid within 3 working days all the land price. the gap between the financial strength is evident. VI Summary: This paper points out China sedan chair each child, by driving up land prices; three collusion between banks and enterprises. to have the financing advantage of the king, the banks volunteered to transport bombs to the king; Fourth, collusion between government and enterprises. The Government's mandate to sizzling real estate developers through the herd, maximize access to land transfer, give to the king after the compensation; five state-owned enterprises operating soft constraints and credit advantages. For more than a few possibilities, limits the disclosure of the material, some of it is difficult to entirely hypothetical to prove, in empirical test on the more difficult to quantify the specific reasons for the largest share of that. However, according to a variety of public materials and clues, I think the possibility of collusion between government and enterprises is very large, the proportion of high hazard is also the largest. About this article text and follow-up study of this issue, visit the Housing Policy Research Center, Fudan University Web site: www.chps.fudan.edu.cn
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