Outline of China's modern history, the first chapter multiple-choice
struggle against foreign aggression
t explain one important test sites, the basic concepts and judgments
1, the structure of feudal society in China before the Opium War
economic characteristics : the feudal land ownership (the landlord land ownership) dominated. the basic production structure: small-peasant economy. peasant economy is characterized by: the individual family unit and combined with the cottage industry self-sufficient economy. politics: a high degree of central totalitarian feudal autocratic monarchy (also known as the hierarchy. is the core of patriarchal clans.
2, four times larger war of aggression and its unequal treaties signed after the first Sino-British Opium War
time and signed the Treaty of Nanking After signing the Sino-Japanese War China, Japan Port Arthur massacre in 1900, the Russian-made .
5, ports: the first Opium War to open five (Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai); after the Second Opium War and signed the Literature Society, layered: the bureaucratic bourgeoisie, national bourgeoisie.
9, the beginning of modern Chinese society: the Opium War and the : semi-feudal society; imperialism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of contradictions. before the pair is the principal contradiction.
11, the Chinese people in modern history, the first armed struggle against aggression: People's Anti-Sanyuanli British struggle.
12, led the people of Taiwan resisted the Japanese occupation of Taiwan's people: Hei Qijun chief Liu Yongfu.
13, martyred in the First Opium War generals: Guangdong Admiral days off training, South Prefect Chen into.
14, Jiawu martyred in the Battle of the generals: Ding Ruchang the Northern Fleet commander, pipe with Deng Shichang, Lin Yongsheng, Liu Buchan so.
15, eyes open, modern China's first look at the world's people: Lin.
16, Wei Yuan's people generally begin the awakening of national consciousness is, after Sino-Japanese War.
19, Yan Fu in the the establishment of a call for
reasons and lessons learned.
2, the history of the Westernization Movement, the historical role of failure.
3, during the Hundred Days Reform movement of history, historical significance, failure and lessons learned.
t chapter Three Early exploration prompted
Note representing the class basis of movement and nature.
more attention than the future of these sports and Sun bourgeois revolution (the third chapter) is not
the same.
t say
an important test sites, the basic concepts and determine the solution
1, Jintian uprising: in January 1851, Hong led a congregation of God Worship Guiping County in Guangxi Province Jin Tamura uprising, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom building number.
2, Wing champion: March 1851, Hong King in Togo announcement said. Wing formed after the closure of the five kings: Feng Yang for the East King, Xiao Chaogui the West King, Feng Yunshan as Puyuma, Wei Changhui for the North King Ground in the Yi Wang, the letters are subject to the kings of the East King restraint.
3, capital in Tianjing: March 1853, the Taiping captured Nanjing and renamed Tianjing, as the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
4, Tianjing Incident : September 1856, there have been Tianjing Incident, East Wang Yang, Wang Wei Changhui north has killed, Yi Wang Ground in troops to leave after the downfall.
5, programmatic document of Heaven and social reform program.
6, implementation of the class basis and social conditions.
7, Taiping peasant movement the root cause of failure: failure in 1864. root cause of the failure of the peasant class is the class limitations, in other words, the lack of leadership of the advanced class.
8 , Westernization and Westernization in overall charge of the central authority: Yi is the leader, and Zeng, Li, Zuo, such as Zhang Zhidong .1861 Prime Minister set up in bureaucratic affairs of States.
9, Westernization held Westernization career goal: 11, held the cause of the guiding ideology of Westernization: the first by a Feng summed up: School for the body, Western learning for use.
12, Westernization organized form and nature of commercial enterprises: the form of: government-run, Government Commerce (with a maximum form), officials and businessmen co. nature: basically capitalist nature of the modern enterprise.
13, a sign of failure Westernization Movement: Sino-Japanese War in the Northern Navy annihilated.
14, assets class, the main representative of reformers: Kang (standard-bearer), Liang, Tan, Yan Fu, etc..
15, exam) to the emperor a letter, requested and refused to conferences and political reform in Japan.
16, Reform of the theory of propaganda article: Kang, wrote Current Affairs King recommended the establishment of the Imperial University.
18, reformers and conservatives debate the issue and its essence: to do political reform, a constitutional monarchy or not, we should not waste stereotyped, changing school examination, and Xing. essence of bourgeois ideology and feudal ideology in China's first direct confrontation.
19, a representative figure of the old school: Westernization bureaucratic Zhang, who wrote Hundred Days Reform revolutionary activities of the revolutionary class (the establishment of political parties, advocacy and debate, organize armed uprisings, etc.)
2, Three Principles of the doctrine of content
3, Revolution and limitations of the historical significance of the victory
4, the northern warlords rule and the end of the old democratic revolution prompted
Note
t compare this chapter with the bourgeoisie, the bourgeois revolution improved the difference between understanding the revolution is to change the state of semi-feudal society in China the best ways and means
a , the basic concepts and judgments
1, Boxer Protocol Department of Terms royal cabinet based on the Chinese national bourgeoisie class, the backbone of the bourgeois and petty-bourgeois intellectuals.
6, the Chinese bourgeois revolutionary organizations: in 1894, Sun Yat-sen founded the Revive China Society in Honolulu, the first bourgeois revolution in China Organization .1904 years, Huaxing Council (set up in Changsha Huang Xing), the science tutorial, such as the establishment of the Restoration Society.
7, the first of a national bourgeois party and its Programme of Action: August 1905, was established in Tokyo League. Alliance to means to overthrow the Qing government.
9, revolutionary thinking propagandists and their representatives: Standards of Ancient Learning
10, Three Principles of the doctrine of contents: November 1905, Sun Yat-sen in the Han Railroad right of way to the imperialist movement. Sichuan Province, the most intense, as the fuse of the Wuchang Uprising
12, Wuchang Uprising: October 10, 1911, the new revolutionaries in the military fired the first Wuchang Uprising shot, then the national response, set off from the climax of Revolution.
13, the Republic of China: New Year's Day 1912, the Republic of China Interim Government to establish, change the country for the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen as provisional president was elected. Chinese Republic of China Republic of the nature of a bourgeois revolutionary regime.
14, br> 15, the Northern Warlords: the representative of modern Chinese history, the interests of big landlords and comprador bourgeoisie, the military-political group .1912 to 1928 as its rule of.
16, Yuan restoration of the monarchy: New Year's Day 1916, said Yuan Hong Emperor Xian. in people's opposition, in 83 days after the cancellation.
17, in Jiujiang and Nanjing and is called E declared independence in Yunnan, the restoration of the monarchy against the Yuan.
19, law-enforcement campaign aimed at Sun Yat-sen: rulers of the Northern Warlords required to restore and protect the Republic and the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of Congress.
20, the end of the old democratic revolution logo: June 1922, Sun Yat-sen failure of the second law enforcement war.
Chapter epoch-making event variable
t chapter focuses
1, World War I and the Russian October Revolution in China impact.
2, the New Culture Movement and its significance.
3, the May Fourth Movement and its significance.
4, the history of the Chinese Communist Party established the characteristics and significance of
5, the formation of the first country cooperation, and its failure results in this chapter suggest
t understand why the Chinese history and the people chose Marxism, select the Communist Party of China.
First, the basic concept of
1, the New Culture Movement initiated by the logo: Chen in Shanghai, was founded in 1915, to promote the scientific spirit and method of social science.
4, before the May Fourth New Culture Movement of nature: the May Fourth Movement of 1919 before the New Culture Movement is the nature of the bourgeois democratic revolution of the Enlightenment
5, the Russian October Revolution on the Chinese Revolution: to promote the advanced elements of the Chinese bourgeois democratic shift from socialism. zhao first by the Democrats into a communist, became the first Marxist.
6, fuse directly to the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement: Paris Peace Conference and the failure of China's diplomatic.
7, the two phases of the May Fourth Movement: 1919 May 4 to June 3, the theme of the students, the center in Beijing; June 3 to June after the end of the working class as the main force, the center in Shanghai.
8, China's old and new-democratic revolution, democratic beginning of the end of the mark: May Fourth Movement.
9, China's first comprehensive comparison introduced Marxism article: zhao published in November 1919 the left backbone portion of the original activists during the Revolution.
11, China's first Thought movement features: emphasis on theoretical study and draw the boundaries of the Second International; attention to China's century made use of Marxist theory; begun to put forward intellectuals and working people are now combined.
13, have an ideological basis and the Chinese Communist Party class basis: is Marxism with the Chinese sports product of the combination.
14, China's first local party organizations: Shanghai Group, founded in August 1920, the launching of the party group and the contact center.
15, Marxists and the three anti-Marxist polemic: Union: Lee in November 1920 established under the auspices of the Shanghai plant union.
17, the early run by the Communist Party workers in the popular press: Shanghai > 18, Cai Hesen understanding of the problem of founding: to Mao's mind, that the delivery room is the public who launched the revolutionary movement, advocates, the vanguard of the Ministry of operations.
19, a major Chinese Communist Party: 1923 July 23 be held in Shanghai. The General Assembly adopted a program of the Chinese Communist Party and the first resolution.
20, two major Chinese Communist Party: July 1922 held in Shanghai. adopted by the General Assembly Declaration, emphasizing a maximum program set forth the first time, the colonial-feudal conditions for the analysis, put forward minimum program of the party against imperialism and feudalism. to solve the object of a revolution and power, to distinguish the enemy.
21, secretary of the Department of Labor combination: 8 1921 was established, the party leadership of the labor movement of the specialized agencies (Federation of Trade Unions, the predecessor).
22, the Hong Kong seamen's strike: January 1922 occurred. is the first time the Chinese working class and the imperialist forces organized the contest.
23, the first climax of the labor movement: in January 1922 as a starting point for the Hong Kong seamen's strike, in February 1923 Beijing-Hankou railway workers strike failed to end.
24, the three major Chinese Communist Party: held in Guangzhou in 1923. The meeting All Communist Party members and Communist Youth League decided to join Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang individual to establish a revolutionary united front to establish guidelines and policies.
25, the formal establishment of the first sign of KMT-CPC cooperation: in January 1924 of a large Chinese Nationalist Party held. because the General Assembly of the new Three People's Principles to do a new interpretation, as the political basis for cooperation.
26, restructured the nature of the KMT: the working class, peasants, petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie in the revolutionary coalition.
27, Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute: Communists surging, Ruan Xiao sen and Mao Zedong during the KMT-CPC cooperation held in Guangzhou.
28, Hong Kong general strike: June 1925, the labor movement in the history of the Chinese insist the most time long time, up to 16 months old.
29, of the four: January 1925 meeting. the democratic revolution in the proposed rights and worker-peasant alliance led by the proletariat problems.
30, the Northern Expedition began: May 1926, Ye Ting Independent groups such as the Northern Expedition Army advance into Hunan, opened a prelude to .1926 the Northern Expedition in July 9, oath-taking ceremony held at the National Revolutionary Army.
31, Hankou, Jiujiang British concession recovery: 1927 January.
32, third armed uprising Shanghai: March 21, 1927, Zhou Enlai led.
33, marks the failure of the national revolution: Wang Ching-wei in 1927 launched the > Chapter of the Chinese revolution of the new road
t chapter focuses
1, the substance of the KMT dictatorship and the rule of the Chinese Communist Party's struggle against the Kuomintang reactionaries, the justice.
2, encircling the cities from rural areas of the CCP new road of hard practice and theory, t understand this chapter suggest
Note represented by Mao Zedong's Chinese communists in the difficulties and hardships, to explore the Chinese revolution under the law of the spirit of theoretical innovation.
First, the basic concept of
1, Northeast changing of the guard: Zhang 12, 1928 29 Northeast subject to the National Government announced that, Gaiyi flag. dictatorship file.
3, bureaucratic capital: and the state power combined with the state monopoly capital. with foreign imperialism, its close integration with the landlord class, as the feudal comprador state monopoly capital. is the reactionary regime of Chiang Kai-shek economic base.
4, the social basis among parties: the national bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie and intellectuals upper.
5, the Agrarian Revolutionary War in the middle of the largest party and its leader: the leadership of Deng Yanda Provisional Action Committee of Chinese Kuomintang (third party).
6, Revolution, after the failure of the national bourgeoisie of the situation: in general sided with the Chiang Kai-shek regime.
7, Seven meeting: August 7, 1927 held in Hankou central emergency meeting. the end of right opportunism Chen error, to determine the land policy of revolution and armed struggle is the rise of the Great Revolution failed to land a historical turning point of war.
8, Agrarian Revolutionary War opened the curtain.
10, the Autumn Harvest Uprising Provincial Border of Jiangxi Nanchang Uprising and two different characteristics: in September 1927, Mao Zedong launched the Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan and Jiangxi. Features: first use of the worker-peasant revolutionary army banner and name; first absorb a large number of workers and peasants to participate.
11, after the Great Revolution of the three major uprisings: the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising Provincial Border of Jiangxi, Guangzhou Uprising
12, the existence and development of the red regime, the root causes of : China is a very uneven political and economic development of the colonial-feudal power.
13, three armed independent regime of workers and peasants: the agrarian revolution as the content, the form of armed struggle, relying on base-building.
14, A single spark can start a prairie fire it within the prevailing dogma of Marxism, the Communist International and the Soviet experience mistakes sacred tendency to adhere to the theoretical and practical importance of the combination.
16, the central basis for three against : October 1930 to July 1931, the Red Army under the command of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, the Kuomintang troops crushed a row of three 17, Land Law and rejuvenating the principle of land law Jinggangshan correction: the set up in November, Mao Zedong was elected chairman.
19, three doctrine wrong; represented by Wang Ming, Comrade Mao Zedong's Red Army base in the central leadership.
21, against > 22, the beginning and end of the Long March: October 1934, the Central Red Army started the Long March in October 1935 the Red Army reached northern Shaanxi, the Central Red Army Long March .1936 completed in October, the red one, two, four Army would rather join forces in the Long March ended.
23, during the Second Revolutionary War and the Communist Party of China twice the rise of two failures: the failure from the Revolution to the people's army, the creation of rural revolutionary base areas; from the fifth against
